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Highlights • CIDP and diabetes can be seen together. • It is difficult to diagnose CIDP in patients with diabetes. • Clinical presentation, nerve conduction studies, and spinal fluid analysis are the best approaches to diagnose CIDP even in patients with diabetes. • Terminal latency index and sensory electrophysiology may vary in idiopathic and diabetic CIDP cases. • Diagnosis of CIDP can be missed in patients with diabetes due to underlying or existing neuropathy., Objectives To evaluate sensory electrophysiology, terminal latency index (TLI), and treatment response in idiopathic and diabetic chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Methods We performed a retrospective review of 147 patients with CIDP who underwent electrodiagnostic evaluation (January 2000–December 2015). Eighty-nine patients fulfilled electrophysiological criteria described by the Ad hoc Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and Albers et al. Fifty-eight patients were divided into idiopathic (N = 40) and diabetic (N = 18) groups. These groups were compared for age, sex, cerebrospinal fluid protein, response to treatment, sensory response abnormalities, and TLI measurements using chi-square tests for binary and categorical variables and using t-tests and mixed-effects models for continuous variables. Results The difference in abnormal rates of sensory responses was significant for the sural nerve, with the idiopathic group having a lower rate than the diabetic group (80% vs. 100%, p