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We present a case with swelling of the lower extremities, shortness of breath, and hyponatremia. (99m)Tc-labeled red blood cells subcutaneous radionuclide venography was performed to rule out deep vein thrombosis. Disturbed iliac venous flow and a photopenic lesion were noted in the lower abdomen on the planar imaging. SPECT/CT imaging revealed a hypodense lesion in the lower abdomen. Distended urinary bladder and retention were impressed. After approximately 4000 mL of urine was drained, symptoms were dramatically relieved, and improvement of hyponatremia was also observed.

Purpose PET using 18F-FDG integrated with CT is beneficial for staging patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The Ki-67 index is used to assess the proliferation potential of tumor cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the Ki-67 index in tissue samples with the SUV at different sites on dual-phase FDG PET/CT of patients with newly diagnosed NHL. Materials and methods From September 2009 to March 2011, patients with newly diagnosed NHL who had received dual-phase FDG PET/CT for staging and biopsy samples that were evaluated for the Ki-67 expression were enrolled. The SUVmax of the biopsy site, the tumorous lesion sites, and 3 different bone marrow sites (right iliac crest, sternum, and L1) were measured. The SUVmean of the liver and spleen were also measured. Results There were a total of 27 patients in this study. Significant correlations were observed between the Ki-67 index and the SUVmax of the right iliac crest in patients with early-stage disease (stage I and II) patients, the SUVmax of the biopsy and whole-body lesion sites in patients with late-stage disease (stage III and IV), and the retention index of SUVmax of the right iliac crest in patients whose bone marrow were involved by lymphoma cells. Conclusions For patients with newly diagnosed NHL, the significant correlation between the Ki-67 index and the SUV in this study suggests that dual-phase FDG PET/CT may be used as a noninvasive measurement of tumor proliferation.

A 53-year-old man, who was a heavy smoker, presented with recent severe cough. Radiography demonstrated a large pulmonary mass in the right upper lung. FDG PET/CT demonstrated heterogeneous high-grade activity in the pulmonary mass located in the right upper lung (standardized uptake value of 20), with central necrosis, bilateral upper mediastinal lymphadenopathy, right supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, direct left sternal manubrium invasion, and distal bilateral peripheral lung metastasis. Histology revealed significant malignant cytologic features and CD1a- and S-100-positive cells by immunohistochemistry staining, typical for Langerhans cell sarcoma.

A 72-year-old woman was diagnosed as having a International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO II) stage cervical cancer with diffuse uterus corpus invasion without evidence of rectal or urinary bladder invasion as determined by endoscopic examinations. Recently, 2 sharp elevations of serum tumor marker squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were noted while she was receiving radiation therapy. Therefore, a PET/CT scan was performed using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to restage the cervical cancer. FDG-avid cervical tumor was shown to extend into the anterior uterine wall by use of a diuretic imaging technique, which lowered tracer activity in the bladder and improved visualization of lower pelvic structures, which otherwise might have been obscured by urine-FDG activity.

Kartagener syndrome is diagnosed as sinusitis, bronchitis (bronchiectasis), and situs inversus by the clinical features. It is a subclass of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) disease. A 12-year-old girl who had frequent upper and lower airway infections since birth, which was confirmed as Kartagener syndrome by HRCT imaging. We present the residual functional lung volume and mucociliary clearance findings seen on Tc-99m DTPA aerosol ventilation and Tc-99m MAA perfusion scintigraphy.

A hydrocele is a collection of fluid within the tunica or processus vaginalis. Most pediatric hydroceles are congenital and adult hydroceles are usually secondary. The latter can present acutely from local injury, infection, radiotherapy, or increased intraabdominal pressure. A 53-year-old man with underlying liver cirrhosis was admitted for dyspnea and abdominal distention. Massive ascites with swelling of the right hemiscrotum was noted. A communicating hydrocele was detected by peritoneal scintigraphy. After surgical repair of the communicating shunt by a Bassini procedure, the problem of the right hydrocele was resolved.