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Investigates the effects of weaning foods and products used in preparing weaning foods on colonization and proliferation of bacteria pathogens in young children. Study in Ile-Ife, Oyo-State, Nigeria; Higher recovery rate of enteric pathogens from the stools of children who were fed weaning foods than from their counterparts who were breastfed exclusively; Unhygienic preparation of the weaning foods; Lack of potable water.

In 1980, 104 infants with seven to 15 percent dehydration due to severe diarrhea and vomiting were hospitalized in Tehran and treated in two separate phases, deficit therapy and maintenance therapy, using two isotonic oral solutions. For deficit therapy, solution A (sodium 80, potassium 20 mmol/l) was administered at a rate of 40 mI/kg per hour until all signs of dehydration disappeared. For maintenance therapy, solution B (sodium 40, potassium 30 mmol/l) was given sip by sip at a rate of about 250 mI/kg per 24 hours until diarrhea stopped. Intravenous fluids were not used, even in severe dehydration and shock. The efficacy and safety of this regimen were confirmed by rapid and successful rehydration and correction of electrolyte abnormalities present on admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sodium and water intakes of a group of infants treated for diarrhea and dehydration in 1972–73, when hypernatremia was common, and a group of infants treated for diarrhea and dehydration in 1978–79, when hypernatremia was rare, were compared. Infants from both study periods whose intake was poor and who received feedings containing sodium in concentrations greater than 17 mEq/liter were more likely to develop elevated serum sodium concentrations. In a group of infants recovering from diarrhea, the effect upon the serum concentration of sodium of varying water and sodium intake was studied. Those treated with small amounts of a solution containing 30 mEq sodium per liter regularly demonstrated an elevation of serum sodium, whereas those treated with large amounts of the same solution regularly demonstrated a depression. It is concluded that infants with diarrhea should receive feedings containing sodium in concentrations less than 17 mEq/liter unless a high fluid intake can he assured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the development of the understanding of the relationship between infant behavior and infant nutrition. Throughout the 19th century, the greatest cause of death among infants was the intestinal disorder then known as "cholera infantum." The major component of the drop in this high infant mortality has been the control of these gastrointestinal diseases. Now, in the Western industrial countries, the most frequent causes of death of infants are prematurity and its associated complications, congenital anomalies incompatible with life, and maternal gestational diseases. Up to the present century, all mothers who could not breast feed their infants tried to obtain wet nurses, because they knew that breast feeding was the only safe and good method for the feeding of small infants. Only when breast milk was not available from the mother or a wet nurse, was the milk of some animal given. The scientific era of infant feeding began when the chemical composition of cow's, goat's, and human milk and the physiology of their digestion within the human stomach and intestines began to be studied.

Describes the case of three infants who presented with chronic diarrhea associated with Salmonella Group C infections. Administration of intravenous fluids for mild dehydration and a five-day course of intramuscular Kanamycin to an eight-week-old male infant with mild diarrhea and failure to thrive since three days of age; Inclusion of the possibility of chronic salmonellosis in the differential diagnosis of infants with chronic diarrhea and failure to thrive even though signs of infection are obscure; Clinical features of the infants' illnesses.

Describes cases involving infants with classic varicella exanthemata who concomitantly developed diarrhea, hypoproteinemia and edema. Etiology of hypoproteinemia; Explanation for the presence of hypoproteinemia and edema in the patients; Link between varicella and protein losing enteropathy.

Describes the case of a one-month-old girl with vertebral osteomyelitis. Hospitalization of the infant because of gastroenteritis with severe hydration and acidosis; Deterioration of her condition with spiking fever, severe diarrhea, pneumonia, oral moniliasis, acute bilateral otitis media, anemia and leukocytosis; Administration of gentamycin and carbenicillin to the patient.

The article focuses on the treatment of nonspecific diarrhea in infants. The treatment is based on the thesis that failure to allow for mucosal regeneration contributes to the morbidity and mortality from nonspecific diarrhea in infancy. Antibiotics or anticholinergic preparations is not employed unless there are specific indications. Antibiotic therapy can lead to the establishment of an abnormal flora, which in turn can aggravate or even cause a chronic diarrhea. The only times antibiotics are needed are when a potentially causative bacterium has been recovered from the stool by culture, or when the patient has a proven bacteria infection elsewhere.

Presents several articles about chronic diarrhea on children. "Diarrhea caused by deficiency of sugar splitting enzymes," by H.A. Weijers, J.H. van de Kamer, W.K. Duke and I. Ijsseling; "Diarrhoea caused by the deficiency of sugar splitting enzymes," by H.A. Weijers and J.H. van de Kamer; "Digestion and absorption of disaccharides in man," by A. Dahlquist and B. Borgstrom.

Presents a case of a three-week-old male infant with a 48-hour history of vomiting and diarrhea. Theoretical explanations for spontaneous extravasation; Serum chemistry imbalance; Correction of the condition after suprapubic drainage of the bladder and resection of the posterior urethral valve; Improvement in the renal collecting systems.

This paper describes eight patients with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli treated with oral gentamycin. The antibiotic was administered in oral suspension at a dose of 25 mg./Kg./day in two divided doses for eight days. All patients were supported with intravenous fluid therapy until their physiologic disturbances were corrected. The data show a marked reduction in stool number and bulk in every patient within 36 hours after oral gentamycin sulfate was begun. Stool cultures were obtained for the first 14 days after beginning therapy and in all instances stool cultures remained positive for several days. On the other hand, the disadvantages of treating diarrheal disease of infants with antibiotics are the following: the possible emergence of resistant strains and the possible side effects of therapy.

Points out that a major effort by public health education at the community level may be the most important strategy for preventing infantile infectious diarrhea. Presence of bacteria in weaning foods used either as supplements to breast feeding or as the sole feeding diet; Close relationship between diarrhea and malnutrition; Sociological impact of living practices of more affluent societies on poorer countries.

Focuses on the usability of mixtures of carbohydrate and electrolytes in solution in the home treatment of infants with mild diarrhea. Results on the feeding of infants with electrolyte mixtures which are not sufficiently hypotonic; Composition of lytren; Significance of following instructions properly regarding the administration of salt packets to infants.