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Background After almost three decades of ICD-10 use for diagnostic purposes, the World Health Organization has conducted a systematic and elaborate evaluation to revise the classification of mental disorders in this system. This revision resulted in the 11th version (ICD-11), introduced in 2022. As one new feature, the ICD-11 forms a new grouping of mental disorders specifically associated with stress. Method The current review presents an overview of the diagnostic features and cultural specifications of disorders specifically associated with stress. This grouping includes posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder, prolonged grief disorder, adjustment disorder, as well as two diagnoses for children, reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder. Results Overall, there is evidence for the improved clinical utility and applicability of these disorders. The disorders have been defined in a parsimonious way by few features, but they suffice for scientific purposes as well. Conclusion However, more research is needed to evaluate assessments for the diagnoses and diagnostic features in the ICD-11.

Politicians, societies, stakeholders, health care systems, patients, their relatives, their employers, and the general population need to know what they can expect from clinical psychologists. Even more, for our self-definition as a professional group, we should share a common understanding of the competence profile that characterises our qualifications. This understanding of the competence profile of clinical psychology leads directly to the content that should be taught in university curricula and postgraduate trainings for clinical psychology. The following discussion paper attempts to offer a general European framework for defining the competence profile of clinical psychologists. A group of European specialists developed this discussion paper under the umbrella of the European Association of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment (EACLIPT). Representatives with different treatment orientations, of basic science and clinical applications, and from East to Western European countries, were part of the group. We present a list of competences that should be acquired during regular studies of psychology with a clinical specialisation. Additionally, further competences should be acquired either during studying, or during postgraduate trainings. Clinical psychologists are experts in mental and behavioural disorders, their underlying psychological, social and neurobiological processes, corresponding assessments/diagnostic tools, and evidence-based psychological treatments. While we provide a list with all competences of clinical psychologists, we do not consider this proposal as a final list of criteria, but rather as a living discussion paper that could be updated regularly. Therefore, we invite our colleagues to contribute to this discussion, and to submit comments via email to the corresponding author. People need to know what they can expect from clinical psychologists. We present a list of competences that clinical psychologists acquire during their training. This list of competences was developed by colleagues representing different treatment orientations, different European countries, and basic versus clinical scientists. This competence list can represent a basis for optimising education and training programmes for clinical psychologists, and for informing the public. People need to know what they can expect from clinical psychologists. We present a list of competences that clinical psychologists acquire during their training. This list of competences was developed by colleagues representing different treatment orientations, different European countries, and basic versus clinical scientists. This competence list can represent a basis for optimising education and training programmes for clinical psychologists, and for informing the public.

Background After its redefinition in ICD-11, adjustment disorder (AjD) comprises two core symptom clusters of preoccupations and failure to adapt to the stressor. Only a few studies investigate the course of AjD over time and the definition of six months until the remission of the disorder is based on little to no empirical evidence. The aim of the present study was to investigate the course of AjD symptoms and symptom clusters over time and to longitudinally evaluate predictors of AjD symptom severity. Method A selective sample of the Zurich Adjustment Disorder Study, N = 105 individuals who experienced involuntary job loss and reported either high or low symptom severity at first assessment (t1), were assessed M = 3.4 (SD = 2.1) months after the last day at work, and followed up six (t2) and twelve months (t3) later. They completed a fully structured diagnostic interview for AjD and self-report questionnaires. Results The prevalence of AjD was 21.9% at t1, 6.7% at t2, and dropped to 2.9% at t3. All individual symptoms and symptom clusters showed declines in prevalence rates across the three assessments. A hierarchical regression analysis of symptoms at t3 revealed that more symptoms at the first assessment (β = 0.32, p = .002) and the number of new life events between the first assessment and t3 (β = 0.29, p = .004) significantly predicted the number of AjD symptoms at t3. Conclusion Although prevalence rates of AjD declined over time, a significant proportion of individuals still experienced AjD symptoms after six months. Future research should focus on the specific mechanisms underlying the course of AjD.