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Interstitial lung disease is a well-recognised manifestation and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue diseases. Interstitial lung disease may arise in the context of an established connective tissue disease or be the initial manifestation of an otherwise occult autoimmune disorder. Early detection and characterisation are paramount for adequate patient management and require a multidisciplinary approach, in which imaging plays a vital role. Computed tomography is currently the imaging method of choice; however, other imaging techniques have recently been investigated, namely ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron-emission tomography, with promising results. The aim of this review is to describe the imaging findings of connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease and explain the role of each imaging technique in diagnosis and disease characterisation., (Copyright © 2020 The Royal College of Radiologists. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To review the radiological findings of the largest cohort to date of paediatric patients with Stickler syndrome, all with confirmed molecular genetic analysis and sub-typing., Patients and Methods: It is understood that the National Health Service (NHS) commissioned service at Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK has the largest cohort of Stickler syndrome patients in the paediatric age group worldwide with 240 registered children. Fifty-nine were assessed radiologically and for their genotypes. These radiographs were reviewed and 74 knee, 45 pelvic, and 47 spinal examinations were evaluated., Results: Radiological features were noted in 45.9% of knee radiographs, 11.1% of pelvic radiographs, and 42.6% of spinal radiographs. The findings were reviewed in the light of each patient's specific genetic Stickler syndrome subtype., Conclusion: The prevalence of orthopaedic abnormalities overall in the present series is substantially below those published in previous smaller case series. This would support the more recent findings of an array of ocular only phenotypes of Stickler syndrome described in the literature., (Copyright © 2018 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Inflammatory pseudotumour is an uncommon benign lesion that presents in children and young adults. The rarity of these lesions, particularly at extrapulmonary sites, has resulted in poor documentation of its radiological manifestations. The casenotes, radiology and histology of five patients with inflammatory pseudotumour were reviewed. Two lesions were intra-abdominal, one oesophageal, one intrapulmonary and one lower limb. CT demonstrated inflammatory pseudotumours as well circumscribed masses of soft tissue density producing displacement of surrounding structures rather than local invasion. Sonography depicted these lesions as well defined masses with homogeneous echo patterns. Surgical removal resulted in dramatic symptomatic improvement.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a rare benign condition in which lesions are usually confined to the skin. We describe a case with additional pulmonary, hepatic and subcutaneous lesions.

Alterations of the thoracic paraspinal shadow may give valuable information about pathological conditions of the spine, the paraspinal soft tissues, pleura and lungs. The causes of a distorted paraspinal shadow are reviewed and the main conditions illustrated by 15 selected cases.