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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess changes in patient activities and interactions observed in response to a new trauma ward at a level 1 trauma centre, and subsequently, a new allied health staffing model. Design: Explorative case study using behavioural mapping. Setting: Level 1 trauma centre in Melbourne, Australia. Participants: Hospitalised trauma patients. Main measures: Behavioural mapping of patients' activities and interactions was conducted by two observers over three 4-day observation phases: (i) at baseline, (ii) on the new ward and (iii) with the new staffing model. Changes in activities and interactions were assessed via negative binomial regression models and reported as incident rate ratios. Results: In total, 1264 patient observations were recorded over an 18-month period. After moving to the new ward, patients were observed performing activities of daily living at a 2.1-fold higher rate than at baseline (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 3.81) but walking/standing/climbing stairs 54% less (95% confidence interval: 0.22, 0.94). Subsequent to the new staffing model, patients were observed in the gym at a 4.1-fold higher rate (95% confidence interval: 1.60, 10.32) and interacting with allied health professionals at a 9.1-fold higher rate (95% confidence interval: 4.88, 16.98), than at baseline. After COVID-19 restrictions were introduced, patients were observed lying down 22% more (95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.43), with 73% fewer visitor interactions (95% confidence interval: 0.17, 0.43). Conclusions: Greater engagement in physical and social activities was observed following the implementation of the new allied health staffing model at a level 1 trauma centre. Whether these changes translate to improved trauma outcomes is important to investigate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]