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Objective: T cell-mediated immune response plays a key role in Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Although previous studies have showed the roles of CD4+T cell and its subsets in TAK, the change of CD8+ T cell subsets remains unclear. This study investigated the role of CD8+ T cell subsets in TAK. Methods: The study consisted of 56 TA patients and 51 healthy controls. The percentages of CD8+T cells, CD8+GranzymeB+ T cells, CD8+Perforin+ T cells, and CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells in blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: We found that the percentages of CD8+GranzymeB+ T cells (P = 0.030), CD8+Perforin+ T cells (P = 0.000), and CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells (P = 0.002) in CD8+T cells were higher in TAK patients compared to control group. After 6 months of treatment, the proportion of CD8+T cells in lymphocytes were significantly lower in TAK patients than the baseline assessment (P = 0.033). A lower ratio of CD8+GranzymeB+ T cells/CD8+ T cells were showed in TAK patents after treatment compared with TAK patients before treatments (P = 0.011). The change of CD8+GranzymeB+ T cells/CD8+ T cells ratio was positively correlated with the change of ITAS (r = 0.721, P = 0.002) and ITAS-A (r = 0.637, P = 0.008). Finally, the immunofluorescence staining showed the infiltration of CD8+ Granzyme B + cells in the aortic tissue of TAK patients. Conclusion: Our results disclose that the CD8+ T lymphocytes may play a role in TAK pathogenesis. Targeting CD8+GranzymeB+ T lymphocytes or Granzyme B inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of TAK. Key Points • Our study investigated role the of CD8+T cell subsets in TAK. • We found the percentages of CD8+GranzymeB+T cells, CD8+Perforin+T cells, and CD8+IFN-γ+T cells in CD3+CD8+T cells were higher in TAK patients. • The proportion of CD8+T cells in lymphocytes and the ratio of CD8+GranzymeB+T cells/CD8+T cells were significantly lower in TAK patients after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the imaging and serological features in Takayasu arteritis (TA) patients with valvular involvement and determine the relationship between them. Method: This is a retrospective single-center study enrolled 103 TA patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology criteria. An independent medical chart review was performed by two senior rheumatologists from Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University. The logistic analysis was used to investigate the relationship between valvular involvement in TA patients and the imaging and serological features of them. Results: Sixty-six TA patients (64.08%) had cardiac valvular involvement in our study. Aortic insufficiency (62.12%) was the most common valvular involvement. Twelve (22.22%) patients developed heart failure. In patients with valvular involvement, the most common angiographic type was Numano type V, which was significantly higher than that in patients without valvular involvement (53.30% vs 32.43%, p = 0.044), followed by coronary involvement (28.79% vs 10.81%, p = 0.036) and Numano type IIb (21.21% vs 5.41%, p = 0.034). Serum levels of immunoglobulin A (2.84 ± 1.42 g/L vs 2.26 ± 0.97 g/L, p = 0.032) and immunoglobulin G (13.5 ± 4.71 g/L vs 11.42 ± 3.01 g/L, p = 0.015) were significantly higher in patients with valvular involvement. Numano type IIb is significantly related to moderate-severe aortic valvular regurgitation in TA patients (4.10 [1.03–16.33], p = 0.04). Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level is associated with moderate-severe mitral valve involvement in TA patients (p = 0.05, OR = 17.75, 95% CI 1.07–295.41). Conclusions: CRP elevation and Numano type IIb are significantly related to different types of valvular involvement in TA patients. Key Points • The Numano types IIb and V were common in TA patients with valvular involvement. • CRP elevation and Numano type IIb are close related to valvular involvement in TA patient. • Echocardiogram screening and CRP level examination are reasonable to TA patients which might have valvular involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Takayasu's arteritis (TA) may involve the pulmonary artery, which signifies a poor prognosis. This study investigated the features of TA patients with pulmonary artery involvement. Methods: One hundred and twenty-six inpatients diagnosed with TA were retrospectively studied. The clinical data of TA patients with and without pulmonary artery involvement were compared. The imaging features of pulmonary artery lesions in TA patients were evaluated. The treatment responses of pulmonary artery lesions were described, and the drug regimens in different treatment response groups were compared. Results: Among the patients with TA, 15.9% showed associated pulmonary artery involvement. The disease durations were significantly longer in patients with pulmonary artery involvement than in those without (108.0 months (53.5, 222.0) vs. 36.0 months (12.0, 120.0); p = 0.038). Hemoptysis was more common in TA patients with pulmonary artery involvement than in those without (15.0%, 3 cases vs. 0.0%; p < 0.001). TA patients with disease duration longer than 5 years showed a 3.42-fold higher odds of pulmonary artery involvement than those with a disease duration of less than 5 years (adjusted odds ratio, 3.42 (95% confidence interval, 1.20–9.76); p = 0.02). The most common imaging manifestations of pulmonary artery involvement were stenosis and occlusion. Among the six patients who had good response to treatment of pulmonary artery lesions, five were treated with the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab. Conclusions: TA patients with pulmonary artery involvement have a longer course of disease and more symptoms of hemoptysis. TA-related pulmonary artery lesions more commonly manifested as stenosis and occlusion. Tocilizumab may be effective for TA-related pulmonary vascular disease. Key Points • Disease duration longer than 5 years is associated with pulmonary artery involvement in TA. • Hemoptysis is a characteristic clinical symptom of TA with pulmonary artery involvement. • Tocilizumab may be more effective for pulmonary artery lesions of TA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: T cell-mediated immune response plays a key role in Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Although previous studies have showed the roles of CD4 + T cell and its subsets in TAK, the change of CD8 + T cell subsets remains unclear. This study investigated the role of CD8 + T cell subsets in TAK., Methods: The study consisted of 56 TA patients and 51 healthy controls. The percentages of CD8 + T cells, CD8 + GranzymeB + T cells, CD8 + Perforin + T cells, and CD8 + IFN-γ + T cells in blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry., Results: We found that the percentages of CD8 + GranzymeB + T cells (P = 0.030), CD8 + Perforin + T cells (P = 0.000), and CD8 + IFN-γ + T cells (P = 0.002) in CD8 + T cells were higher in TAK patients compared to control group. After 6 months of treatment, the proportion of CD8 + T cells in lymphocytes were significantly lower in TAK patients than the baseline assessment (P = 0.033). A lower ratio of CD8 + GranzymeB + T cells/CD8 + T cells were showed in TAK patents after treatment compared with TAK patients before treatments (P = 0.011). The change of CD8 + GranzymeB + T cells/CD8 + T cells ratio was positively correlated with the change of ITAS (r = 0.721, P = 0.002) and ITAS-A (r = 0.637, P = 0.008). Finally, the immunofluorescence staining showed the infiltration of CD8 + Granzyme B + cells in the aortic tissue of TAK patients., Conclusion: Our results disclose that the CD8 + T lymphocytes may play a role in TAK pathogenesis. Targeting CD8 + GranzymeB + T lymphocytes or Granzyme B inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of TAK. Key Points • Our study investigated role the of CD8 + T cell subsets in TAK. • We found the percentages of CD8 + GranzymeB + T cells, CD8 + Perforin + T cells, and CD8 + IFN-γ + T cells in CD3 + CD8 + T cells were higher in TAK patients. • The proportion of CD8 + T cells in lymphocytes and the ratio of CD8 + GranzymeB + T cells/CD8 + T cells were significantly lower in TAK patients after treatment., (© 2021. International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR).)