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Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and atherosclerosis (AS) are widespread diseases predominantly observed in the elderly population. Despite their prevalence, the underlying molecular interconnections between these two conditions are not well understood. Methods: Utilizing meta‐analysis, bioinformatics methodologies, and the GEO database, we systematically analyzed transcriptome data to pinpoint key genes concurrently differentially expressed in AD and AS. Our experimental validations in mouse models highlighted the prominence of two genes, NKRF (NF‐κB‐repressing factor) and ZBTB17 (MYC‐interacting zinc‐finger protein 1). Results: These genes appear to influence the progression of both AD and AS by modulating the NF‐κB signaling pathway, as confirmed through subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies. Conclusions: This research uncovers a novel shared molecular pathway between AD and AS, underscoring the significant roles of NKRF and ZBTB17 in the pathogenesis of these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Although intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) has not shown confirmative effects on the outcomes of patients receiving successful thrombectomy, it might influence the outcomes of a subset of these patients. This study aims to evaluate whether the effects of IVT depend on final reperfusion grade in patients with successful thrombectomy. Methods: This is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients with an acute anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and a successful thrombectomy between January 2020 and June 2022. Final reperfusion grade was evaluated by the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score, which was dichotomized into incomplete (mTICI 2b) and complete (mTICI 3) reperfusion. The primary outcome was functional independence (90‐day modified Rankin Scale score 0–2). Safety outcomes were 24‐h symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90‐day all‐cause mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the interactions between IVT treatment and final reperfusion grade on outcomes. Results: When comparing all 167 patients enrolled in the study, IVT did not influence the extent of functional independence (adjusted OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.65–2.95; p = 0.397). The effect of IVT on functional independence depended on final reperfusion grade (p = 0.016). IVT benefited patients with incomplete reperfusion (adjusted OR: 3.70; 95% CI 1.21–11.30; p = 0.022), but not those with complete reperfusion (adjusted OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.14–1.59; p = 0.229). IVT was not associated with 24‐h symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (p = 0.190) or 90‐day all‐cause mortality (p = 0.545). Conclusions: The effect of IVT on functional independence depended on final reperfusion grade in patients with successful thrombectomy. IVT appeared to benefit patients with incomplete reperfusion, but not those with complete reperfusion. Because reperfusion grade cannot be determined prior to endovascular treatment, this study argues against withholding IVT in IVT‐eligible patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perioperative stroke is an ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebral event during or up to 30 days after surgery. It is a feared condition due to a relatively high incidence, difficulties in timely detection, and unfavorable outcome compared to spontaneously occurring stroke. Recent preclinical data suggest that specific pathophysiological mechanisms such as aggravated neuroinflammation contribute to the detrimental impact of perioperative stroke. Conventional treatment options are limited in the perioperative setting due to difficult diagnosis and medications affecting coagulation in may cases. On the contrary, the chance to anticipate cerebrovascular events at the time of surgery may pave the way for prevention strategies. This review provides an overview on perioperative stroke incidence, related problems, and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Based on this analysis, we assess experimental stroke treatments including neuroprotective approaches, cell therapies, and conditioning medicine strategies regarding their potential use in perioperative stroke. Interestingly, the specific aspects of perioperative stroke might enable a more effective application of experimental treatment strategies such as classical neuroprotection whereas others including cell therapies may be of limited use. We also discuss experimental diagnostic options for perioperative stroke augmenting classical clinical and imaging stroke diagnosis. While some experimental stroke treatments may have specific advantages in perioperative stroke, the paucity of established guidelines or multicenter clinical research initiatives currently limits their thorough investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]