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Purpose: To map scientific evidence on the variability of quantitative parameters extracted by instrumental swallowing assessment tests in adults, using the coefficient of variation., Research Strategies: The methodological procedures recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the extension for scoping reviews of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA-ScR) were followed., Selection Criteria: The search was carried out in the Pubmed/Medline, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL databases, as well as in Google Scholar to consult the gray literature., Data Analysis: Two blind and independent reviewers screened the articles by title and abstract. Subsequently, the articles were read in full and selected according to the eligibility criteria. Data were extracted according to a standardized instrument., Results: 363 studies were found, 13 of which were eligible. Most studies had a sample size of less than 30 participants and were made up of healthy individuals. The instrumental exams used were diverse: videofluoroscopy, electrical impedance tomography, laryngeal sensors, high-resolution manometry and surface electromyography. The studies searched for intra-individual variability and the coefficient of variation ranged from low to high variability, as the instruments, parameters and collection procedures were very heterogeneous and non-standardized., Conclusion: Intra-individual variability of the quantitative outcomes of instrumental swallowing assessments in adults ranged from low to high according to the exam, outcome, presence or absence of underlying disease, consistency and volume of the bolus.

Purpose: To correlate the functional performance and impact of dysphagia on the quality of life of cancer patients in palliative care., Methods: This cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted at the outpatient clinic and oncology ward of a university hospital. Inclusion criteria required patients to respond positively to the question: "Do you have difficulty or problems swallowing?". Patients were excluded if they had been diagnosed with head and neck cancer, were unable to answer questionnaires due to actively dying status, were in a state of drowsiness, experienced extreme pain and systemic instability, or if data collection instruments were incomplete. Two instruments were used in their Brazilian Portuguese versions: the Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) and the M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI). The variables were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with Pearson's correlation used at a 5% significance level., Results: The sample consisted of 39 participants, with an average age of 65.3 years, of whom 24 (61.5%) were women. The most frequent neoplasm sites were the pancreas and stomach. The results of the PPS indicated that the average patient had reduced ambulation and inability to work, but maintained independence in self-care, with a complete level of swallowing and consciousness. The MDADI showed an average degree of limitation. Outpatients exhibited a moderate correlation between the MDADI result and the level of functionality according to the PPS., Conclusion: Cancer patients at the palliative care outpatient clinic demonstrated a correlation between functional performance and the impact of dysphagia on quality of life.

Purpose: To determine evidence of concurrent and predictive criterion validity of the Communication Screening Instrument for children aged 0 to 36 months (IRC-36)., Methods: 78 parents/guardians of children who attend the childcare service of the Family Health Centers participated in the research, in addition to 33 children aged between 0 and 36 months, invited to the second stage of the study. In its first stage, 13 health professionals were trained to apply the IRC-36 to the children's parents/guardians. In the second moment, the parents responded to a new IRC-36 application, and the children were evaluated with Denver II., Results: IRC-36 correlated with Denver II in more than half of the cases, confirming the instrument's concurrent criterion validity. IRC-36 results in the first stage did not significantly correlate with Denver II. The instrument's cutoff value was 12, which is the reference value between children at risk and not at risk of communication disorders. The instrument had high sensitivity and an accuracy value within the recommended levels. The occurrence of risk of communication changes was higher in the second IRC-36 application., Conclusion: The study presented evidence of concurrent criterion validity, indicating that the instrument has evidence of accuracy and validity measures to screen communication in children aged 0 to 36 months, being able to identify the risk for communication disorders.

Purpose: To validate the appearance and content of the DHACA method to develop communication skills in autism., Methods: This qualitative and quantitative validation study included 10 speech-language-hearing judges with expertise in alternative communication. The judges received the communication book, the description of the principles, skills, and strategies in the DHACA method, and a form with items for them to appraise the appearance and content of the method. The validity was calculated with the content validity index., Results: The response analysis made it possible to calculate the degree of agreement between judges and develop the new instrument version. The calculation of the content validity index revealed excellent content validity. The judges made suggestions regarding the content of the communication book, texts regarding the participation of communication partners and modeling, using cues, and communicative skills., Conclusion: The degree of agreement between judges ensured the validation of the appearance and content of the DHACA method, considering the items alone and the whole instrument. Hence, its use can be recommended for speech-language-hearing clinical practice.

Purpose: To analyze the passaggio in the voice range profile of choristers, by identifying the fundamental frequencies and intensities, both in the change to the high and low registers, comparing them, by voice types., Method: 67 choristers participated, mean age of 27.79 (± 7.50) years old, of the following voice types: soprano (n = 20), alto (n = 17), tenor (n = 15) and bass (n = 15). For data collection and analysis, the Vocalgram software (CTS Informática) was used, which recorded the emission of the vowel / Ɛ / in ascending and descending glissando, up to the lowest and highest note in the weakest and strongest intensities possible., Results: The values of frequencies and respective intensities of the passaggio were identified in ascending and descending, strong and weak emissions in all voice types. There was a higher occurrence of voice break in the high voices, compared to the low ones. The average values ​​of the frequencies found corresponded to different tones from those established in the literature for all voice types., Conclusion: The passaggio identified in the vocal range profile of choristers, based on their frequencies and intensities were more frequent in soprano na tenor, compared to alto and bass, in changes to the low and high registers.

Purpose: to analyze the knowledge of community health agents about hearing and language development milestones in early childhood, in the context of home visits, before and after a team cooperation workshop., Methods: action research was developed, with a quantitative and qualitative approach., Results: Significant contribution to the agents' learning, enriching their home visit practices., Conclusion: Team cooperation is an important tool to qualify the performance of community health agents regarding guidelines on hearing and language milestones in early childhood.

Purpose: To assess the performance of the phonatory deviation diagram and its measurements in monitoring voice quality before and after voice exercise in individuals with Parkinson's Disease., Methods: Retrospective and documentary study. A sample of 30 subjects was used, 50% male, with a mean age of 62.13 ± 9.05 years. The results of the phonatory deviation diagram were analyzed, in the moments before and after vocal exercise with the pushing technique associated with plosive sounds, considering the area, density, shape and location of the diagram in the quadrants. For comparison purposes, the acoustic parameters of jitter, shimmer, glottal to noise excitation ratio and results of the auditory-perceptual analysis, carried out in previous research, were also considered, in the pre- and post-technical moments., Results: Despite the fact that there was no difference in the distribution of samples in the diagram, after performing the vocal technique, a change in the displacement of the diagram towards the area of normality was identified in the visual qualitative analysis, and there was an association between the general degree of vocal deviation in the analysis auditory perception and the area of the diagram. There was an improvement in the shimmer values after the vocal technique., Conclusion: The displacement of the phonatory deviation diagram towards the area of normality corroborated the results in relation to the general degree of dysphonia, evaluated by the auditory-perceptual analysis and the shimmer results, after the vocal technique. Thus, the diagram shows good performance in monitoring voice quality of individuals with Parkinson's.

Purpose: To analyze the effects of lingual frenotomy on the breastfeeding of infants, based on the electrical activity of the masseter and suprahyoid muscles and assessment of the breastfeeding., Methods: Observational study developed between October 2017 and June 2018 with a sample of 20 newborns and infants who attended a dental clinic and were diagnosed with ankyloglossia. Another 20 were excluded for meeting some of the following exclusion criteria: babies more than 6 months old, who were not on exclusive or mixed breastfeeding, who had other clinical impairments that interfered with breastfeeding, who had other foods introduced into their diet, who had neurological changes and/or craniofacial deformities, and/or who did not finish all the stages of the study. Breastfeeding was assessed with the UNICEF Breastfeeding Assessment and Observation Protocol, while the muscle electrical activity was assessed with the Electrical Activity Assessment Protocol for the Masseter and Suprahyoid Muscles in Newborns During Breastfeeding. The same speech-language-hearing therapist conducted the two assessments both before the conventional frenotomy and 7 days after it., Results: The signs suggestive of breastfeeding difficulties changed 7 days after the surgery, with a p-value ≤ 0.002 for general observation of the mother, position of the infant, latch, and sucking. The maximum voluntary contraction of the masseter was the only integral parameter with a difference, as the electrical activity had decreased., Conclusion: Behaviors favorable to breastfeeding increased 7 days after the frenotomy in all the breastfeeding assessment categories, whereas the electrical activity of the masseter decreased.

Purpose: to verify whether there are differences in acoustic measures and oropharyngeal geometry between healthy individuals and people with Parkinson's disease, according to age and sex, and to investigate whether there are correlations between oropharyngeal geometry measures in this population., Methods: 40 individuals participated, 20 with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and 20 healthy individuals, matched by age, sex, and body mass index. Acoustic variables included fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, glottal-to-noise excitation ratio, noise, and mean intensity. Oropharyngeal geometry variables were measured with acoustic pharyngometry., Results: geometry variables were smaller in the group with Parkinson's disease, and older adults with Parkinson's disease had a smaller oropharyngeal junction area than healthy older adults. Regarding acoustic parameters of voice, fundamental frequency values were lower in males with Parkinson's disease, and jitter values ​​were higher in the non-elderly subjects with Parkinson's disease. There was a moderate positive correlation between oral cavity length and volume, pharyngeal cavity length and vocal tract length, and pharyngeal cavity volume and vocal tract volume., Conclusion: individuals with Parkinson's disease had smaller glottal areas and oropharyngeal junction areas than healthy individuals. When distributed into sex and age groups, the fundamental frequency was lower in males with Parkinson's disease. There was a moderate positive correlation between oropharyngeal length and volume measures in the study sample.

Purpose: To analyze the effect of masking on the Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential with speech stimulus in young adults., Methods: Fourteen individuals aged between 19 and 28 years of both sexes with no hearing loss participated in the study. The Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential examination was performed with synthetic speech stimulus /ba/ simultaneous to Speech Shaped Noise presented under three conditions: steady noise with a 30 dB SPLep intensity (weak steady noise), steady noise with a 65 dB SPLep intensity o (strong steady noise) and modulated noise with 30 dB SPLep and 65 dB SPLep intensities at 25Hz and modulation period of 40 ms., Results: Higher latencies were observed in the cortical components, except P2, in the condition of strong steady noise and more meaningful measures of amplitude of the cortical components P1, N1 and P2 in the condition of modulated noise with statistically significant difference in comparison to the strong steady noise condition. There was worse wave morphology in the condition of strong steady noise, when compared to the other records. The average electrophysiological thresholds for the conditions of strong steady noise and modulated noise were 60 dB SPLep and 49 dB SPLep, respectively, showing a 11.7 dB mean difference., Conclusion: We could infer that there was a lower masking effect of modulated noise when compared to the strong steady noise condition, in the amplitude measurements of the cortical components and an average difference of 11.7 dB between the electrophysiological thresholds (interpreted as the measure of the Masking Release).

This text is the continuation of the XVIII SBFa Congress publication. In part "A" we presented the analyses on clinical vocal evaluation. Part "B" focuses on vocal rehabilitation: 4. Traditional techniques of vocal therapy; 5. Modern techniques of electrostimulation and photobiomodulation applied to vocal rehabilitation. The numerous studies on the various programs, methods, and techniques of traditional rehabilitation techniques, and many with high quality of evidence, allow us to consider such procedures relatively well described, safe, and with known effects, accounting for the treatment of various vocal disorders. The scientific evidence with traditional techniques is recognized worldwide. New fronts of evolution, with electrostimulation or photobiomodulation used to handle voice problems, seem to be promising as coadjutant approaches. There are more studies on electrostimulation in vocal rehabilitation than with photobiomodulation; however, scientific evidence for these two modern techniques is still limited. Knowledge and caution are required for the application of either technique.

During the XXVIII Brazilian Congress of SBFa, 24 specialists met and, from a leading position on scientific research as a tool for connecting laboratory and clinic, five fronts of knowledge of the voice specialty were discussed as following: Perceptual-auditory judgment of vocal quality; 2. Acoustic analysis of the vocal signal; 3. Voice self-assessment; 4. Traditional techniques of therapy; 5. Modern techniques of electrostimulation and photobiomodulation (PBMT) in voice. Part "a" of this publication was associated with the consolidation of the analyses of the first three aspects. The trend in the perceptual-auditory judgment of vocal quality was related to the use of standard protocols. The acoustic evaluation of the vocal signal is accessible and can be done descriptively or by extraction of parameters, thus preferring multiparametric measures. Finally, the analysis of the individual himself closes this triad of voice documentation, which will be the basis for the conclusion of the evaluation, reference for monitoring progress, and evaluation of treatment results.

Purpose: To characterize the acquisition parameters, analysis, and results of the frequency-following response (FFR) in cochlear implant users., Research Strategies: The search was conducted in Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Ovid Technologies, PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature., Selection Criteria: Studies on FFR in cochlear implant users or that compared them with normal-hearing people, with no restriction of age, were included. Secondary and experimental studies were excluded. There was no restriction of language or year of publication., Data Analysis: The data were analyzed and reported according to the stages in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), 2020. The methodological quality was analyzed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Divergences were solved by a third researcher., Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Only one study was comparative, whose control group comprised normal-hearing people. The variations in acquisition parameters were common and the analysis predominantly approached the time domain. Cochlear implant users had different FFR results from those of normal-hearing people, considering the existing literature. Most articles had low methodological quality., Conclusion: There is no standardized FFR acquisition and analysis protocol for cochlear implant users. The results have a high risk of bias.

Purpose: To verify the relationship between sensory processing and changes in the functions of the stomatognathic system in mouth breathing children, characterizing their sensory processing and comparing it with that of nasal breathing children., Methods: 50 children (5 to 12 years) who were diagnosed with mouth breathing and 50 without signs and symptoms of mouth breathing or allergic rhinitis were selected to be part of the control group, matched for age and sex. Oral and nasal breathing children underwent sensory processing evaluation, through the Sensory Processing Measure - home form, and mouth breathers, through the evaluation of orofacial motricity through the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with score. The results were presented in table form and with their respective absolute and relative frequencies., Results: Most of the children evaluated were male, with an average age of eight years. Most mouth breathers presented alteration in the processing of all senses, with a statistically significant relationship when compared to nasal breathers. There was a relationship, in mouth breathers, between proprioceptive sensory processing and the movement of the cheeks, visual sensory processing and head movement during swallowing, and between the type of chewing and tactile sensory processing., Conclusion: After analyzing the data, it was possible to see that the sensory processing of all systems presents with changes in mouth breathers and that this poor processing is related to orofacial mobility, as well as functions of the stomatognathic system, in addition to the type of chewing of this population.

Purpose: To analyze the olfactory and gustatory perception and discrimination and self-perception of smell and taste in people with Parkinson's disease, comparing them with healthy nodes., Methods: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional, and quantitative study. Olfactory and gustatory perception and discrimination were verified following Parkinson's disease, compared to a control group, matched by sex and age, using the Olfactory Perception and Taste Strips Tests, respectively, after nasal cleaning and oral brushing. Self-perception was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale before and after specific tests of perception and discrimination., Results: We included individuals of both sexes, 35 with Parkinson's Disease and 20 assigned to the control group, matched for mean age. The olfactory self-perception of the group with Parkinson's disease improved after the olfactory test. There was no difference in taste self-perception in the Parkinson's disease group before and after the taste test. In the olfactory perception assessment test, the Parkinson's disease group discriminated fewer essences than the control group. Both groups have similar generation and taste discrimination., Conclusion: The olfactory perception of people with Parkinson's disease was lower, compared to the group of healthy desires, and the self-perception of olfactory efficacy improved after the test, in both groups. As for taste, there was no difference in perception and discrimination between groups, the sour taste was the most identified and there was an improvement in self-perception of taste efficiency in the group without Parkinson's disease after the test.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of photobiomodulation associated with orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) in patients with temporomandibular muscle disorders (TMD)., Methods: Randomized, blinded trial clinical study with a sample of eleven women with muscle TMD divided into two groups. The experimental group (EG) consisted of five women submitted to orofacial myofunctional therapy associated with photobiomodulation, and the control group (CG) consisted of six women submitted to orofacial myofunctional therapy associated with inactive photobiomodulation (placebo). The intervention was performed in the following twelve sessions: one evaluation, ten speech therapy sessions associated with photobiomodulation, and one reevaluation. For outcomes, investigation on pain perception using the visual analogue scale (VAS), investigation of palpation sensitivity with the research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD), and quality of life (QOL) verification through oral health impact profile - short form (OHIP-14) were considered., Results: The EG increased measurements of mandibular movements of opening and protrusion and improved in the evaluation of QOL., Conclusion: Orofacial myofunctional therapy, when associated with photobiomodulation, contributed to increase the range of mandibular movements, with important improvements in the perception of quality of life and with significant improvement in the painful conditions of volunteers with TMD.

Purpose: Investigate the correlation between the provision of speech therapists in the Brazilian public healthcare system and social indicators between 2007 and 2016., Methods: An ecological study was conducted. The units of analysis were the 27 federative units of Brazil. Indicators of the provision of speech therapists in public healthcare and the relative evolution of this provision in the period as well as the Human Development Index and Gini Index related to the year 2010 were analyzed. Correlations were investigated using Spearman's test (α = 5%)., Results: In 2007, the provision of speech therapists in the public healthcare system was 3.55/105 residents, with the lowest indicator in the state of Amazonas and the highest in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. In 2016, this indicator nearly doubled in the country; the lowest indicator was again in the state of Amazonas and the highest was in the state of Piauí. An important relative evolution occurred in the provision of speech therapists in Brazil in the period analyzed, with significant variation among the federative units. A negative correlation was found between the relative evolution in the last decade and the Human Development Index and a positive correlation was found with the Gini Index., Conclusion: The increase in the provision of speech therapists in the Brazilian public healthcare system was greater in federative units with lower human development and a greater concentration of income. Despite this, the results from 2016 showed the maintenance of the status quo, with a greater provision in federative units with greater human development.

Purpose: To verify the effects of the Speech-Language Intervention with Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) in communicative acts in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)., Method: This is a longitudinal case-study design involving three subjects attended in a Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) Clinic School. Primary data were obtained from the observation of recorded videos of pre and post-intervention therapist assessment sessions with each child in play activities, while secondary data come from interviews with parents. The analysis was performed based on the Pragmatic Test of the Infant Language Test - ABFW, through observational recordings, aiming to identify and quantify the communicative acts., Results: It was possible to observe a 51.47% increase in the production of communicative acts in the three research subjects. In addition, it was found that there was higher quality in the acts produced, using more present verbal components and decreased acts that had non-interpersonal functions, such as gestures and vocal acts. Thus, there was an evolution in the functional language of the subjects., Conclusion: The use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication in the SLP therapy clinic is promising and effective in promoting the development of communication skills of individuals with ASD.

Purpose: To verify the access to speech-language pathology (SLP) therapy and continuity of assistance in Primary Health Care (PHC) for victims of motorcycle accidents., Methods: A quantitative and qualitative study was conducted at a large hospital in the city of Recife, Pernanbuco state, Brazil. Among the 99 victims recruited between June and July 2014, 30 had SLP complaints as a result of the accidents. After hospital discharge, all victims were contacted for investigation of the SLP rehabilitation process. Absolute and relative frequencies were used for the analysis in PHC, and data were displayed in tables for the therapy cases., Results: Among the 30 individuals who reported having alterations of the stomatognathic system, eight were undergoing rehabilitation and 18 reported residing in an area covered by the Family Health Strategy (primary care modality). Seeking and obtaining continuity of treatment (medication and bandaging) in primary care were frequent; in contrast, home visits were less frequent. The main obstacles to access SLP therapy were distance to the service and waiting time to begin treatment., Conclusion: This study identified obstacles that hamper access to SLP therapy in PHC, such as the low frequency of home visits, contributing to the fragmentation of continuous and complete care for victims.

Purpose: characterize the swallowing muscles electromyographic activity in EM., Methods: we evaluated 60 individuals being 30 with definitive diagnosis in EMG and 30 without neurologic changes. Volunteers provided personal data through interview, and we also obtained data from clinical records on the time of diagnosis, disease clinic form and the EDSS scale score. We then administered the DYMUS questionnaire. All evaluations occurred according to the Swallowing Electromyographic Evaluation Protocol., Results: Saliva swallowing, liquid swallowing with comfortable volume and continuous swallowing showed differences in the groups at the masseter, with higher averages in the comparison group. We verified differences between masseter and supra hyoid in each group, at rest, in saliva swallowing, liquid swallowing with comfortable volume and continued swallowing. In all situations the averages were higher in the supra hyoid, being that the smaller difference occurred at rest and the higher at continuous swallow. We recorded correlations between EDSS and the activity of supra hyoid at saliva swallow, liquid swallow with comfortable volume and swallow continuous. With the DYMUS, we observed correlations with the masseter activity and with the swallowing time. The high punctuation at the DYMUS presented correlations with the increase electrical activity of the masseter., Conclusion: patients with more severe conditions show lower supra hyoid electric activity, and the electric activity of the masseter is related to difficulty in swallowing.

Purpose: When children becom cochlear implant users, they have already had the opportunity to develop phonological skills; however, it is possible that they miss sound information during speech and, consequently, present difficulties in competences associated with the learning of reading and writing., Methods: The study sample consisted of 11 normal hearing children aged 7-10 years and a right-ear cochlear implant user enrolled in the 3rd grade of Elementary School. The Cognitive-Linguistic Assessment protocol was used to evaluate the study participants. Data were transcribed and analyzed using descriptive statistics., Results: The following sub-tests presented the highest percentage of children with superior performance: alphabet in sequence (82%), reading of pseudo-words (82%), syllable segmentation (73%), word repetition (82%), copying of shapes (72%), and rapid naming (100%).The cochlear implant user presented superior performance in all the sub-tests except for word repetition, in which average performance was observed. In the rhythm sub-test, none of the normal hearing children presented superior performance, and the cochlear implant user performed poorly., Discussion: It was possible to observe that the condition of being a cochlear implant user is not the only determinant for a child's school failure. There are issues that go beyond auditory integrity, because some normal hearing children performed poorly in sub-tests such as repetition of pseudo-words, rhythm, and alliteration., Conclusion: The cochlear implant user presented a cognitive-linguistic profile very similar to those of his hearing peers.

Purpose: Characterize the profile of aphasic syndromes determined by aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) of the left middle cerebral artery (LMCA)., Methods: An analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using a database of cognitive assessments of 193 patients with aSAH admitted to Hospital da Restauração between March 2007 and November 2009. Of these, a total of 26 patients with aSAH in the LMCA territory confirmed by digital angiography were selected. Aphasia was assessed through the Montreal-Toulouse Language Assessment Alpha Version Protocol (Alpha Version) and the CERAD Neuropsychological Test Battery (Verbal fluency)., Results: Language and verbal fluency impairments were identified in patients with aSAH in the LMCA territory when compared with the control population (50 individuals). Of the 26 patients with aSAH, 11 presented aphasic characteristics preoperatively., Conclusion: The results of this research corroborate the literature, showing that the aSAH frame causes cognitive impairments even in the preoperative phase for aneurysm occlusion. Considering the observed aspects, the predominant aphasic syndromes characterize comprehension aphasia due to sequels in the posterior cerebral artery territory.

Purpose: To analyze the performance of family health teams toward the suspicion and identification of child hearing loss., Methods: This is a case study. Data were collected in three focus groups with three family health teams of a health district in the metropolitan area of Recife, Brazil. All data were transcribed and analyzed based on the interview analysis model of condensation of meanings., Results: The family health professionals investigated made use of some resources to assess child reaction to sound stimuli, but they were mostly unaware of risk indicators for hearing loss and presented doubts about conducting referrals. Regarding child monitoring, the family health professionals reported that the lack of counter-reference by other professionals precludes the effective monitoring of children in the family health units., Conclusion: Despite their potential in assisting child health, the role of family health teams is still permeated by weaknesses that hinder their performance with respect to hearing health.

Introduction: The ability to recognize the sounds of speech enables an efficient communication. This ability must always be considered when communication disorders are evaluated. In this study, sentences of the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT), originally developed in English and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese, were used to evaluate speech recognition in silence and in the presence of noise. Although this test can be an important clinical tool, it is noticed that it has not been used in audiological clinical practice in Brazil. One possible reason is the lack of standardization of some aspects of the test, including the methods adopted to analyze the patient's answers., Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze different judgment criteria of individuals' answers during sentence recognition thresholds measurement using the HINT in Brazilian Portuguese., Methods: The study was conducted with 30 young adults (three groups of 10 people), between 18 and 25 years old, of both genders, with normal hearing. HINT sentences were adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and speech recognition thresholds were determined in the presence of noise by using three judgment criteria published in Brazilian literature. A single variation analysis was performed to compare the average threshold between the three groups. The maximum error probability to reject the null hypothesis was 5%., Results: The mean and standard deviations of thresholds, respectively, were: 59.90 ± 1.43 dB SPL; 59.60 ± 0.53 dB SPL and 59.95 ± 0.6 dB SPL. There was no statistically significant difference between the means (F = 0.398; p> 0.05)., Conclusion: Regardless the judging criteria used, results obtained in all groups were equivalent.

Purpose: To map the profile of Brazilian Speech Therapists who report acting in Educational Speech Therapy, with regard to aspects related to training, performance and professional experience., Methods: Retrospective study, based on secondary database analysis of the Federal Council of Hearing and Speech Sciences on the questionnaires reporting acting with Educational Environment., Results: 312 questionnaires were completed, of which 93.3% by women aged 30-39 years. Most Speech Therapists continued the studies, opting mostly for specialization. Almost 50% of respondents, have worked for less than six years with the speciality, most significantly in the public service (especially municipal) and private area., Conclusion: The profile of the Speech Therapists active in the Educational area in Brazil is a professional predominantly female, who values to continue their studies after graduation, looking mostly for specialization in the following areas: Audiology and Orofacial Motor. The time experience of the majority is up to 10 years of work whose nature is divided mainly in public (municipal) and private schools. The performance of Speech Therapists in the Educational area concentrates in Elementary and Primary school, with varied workload.

Purpose: To investigate factors associated with speech-language disorders in victims of motorcycle accidents., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Victims of motorcycle accidents studied were treated at Hospital da Restauração between June and July 2014. The data were collected by consulting the records and direct interviews with these, at admission and after discharge. For analysis were raised single frequencies, average and chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The margin of error used in the statistical tests was 5%, and the intervals were obtained with 95% reliability., Results: 99 individuals were studied, 90.9% male, the mean age of 32.7 years. It found a high percentage of 42.3% of drunk drivers and 51.5% were not enabled. The Head Injuries were present in 30.3% of cases. The most affected body area were the lower limbs (71.7%), followed by the head and face region (56.6%). It was also found that 30.3% had complaints of speech pathology after hospital discharge and a statistically significant association between speech therapy complaint and not enabled (p=0.012) and collisions between bikes (p=0.004)., Conclusion: There was a high percentage of lesions in the head and face resulting from accidents, associated mainly not eligible to drive bike and collisions between motorcycles, suggesting that these factors can aggravate injuries speech therapy.

Purpose: To analyze the changes occurred in the nasal cavity geometry, before and after nasal cleansing, through nasal aeration and acoustic rhinometry in children with oral breathing., Methods: Twenty children aged four to 12 years were included in the study. The gathering of participants was conducted at the Multifunctional Laboratory of the Speech Pathology Department of the Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. The following procedures were conducted: Identification Index of Signs and Symptoms of Oral Breathing; marking of nasal expiratory airflow using the graded mirror of Altmann, and examination of the Nasal Geometry by Acoustic Rhinometry. The same procedures were performed after nasal massage and cleansing with saline solution., Results: Significant change was observed in the areas with respect to the nasal airflow on both sides after nasal cleansing and massage. As for nasal geometry, measured by acoustic rhinometry, comparison between the nostrils showed that the effect of cleansing and massage was discrete., Conclusion: Nasal aeration measures showed sensitivity to the cleansing and massage technique and measures of nasal geometry confirmed its effect on respiratory physiology.

Aim: review the literature for studies that describe the language development of children after they receive cochlear implants., Research Strategies: Literature review on the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases, tracing the selection and critical analysis stages in the journals found and selected., Selection Criteria: We selected original articles looking at children with cochlear implants, which mentioned language development after surgery. Case studies, dissertations, books chapters, editorials, and original articles that did not mention aspects of oral communication development, perception of sounds and speech, and other stages of human development, in the title, abstract, or text, were excluded., Data Analysis: A protocol was created for this study including the following points: author, year, location, sample, type of study, objectives, methods used, main results, and conclusion., Results: 5,052 articles were found based on the search descriptors and free terms. Of this total, 3,414 were excluded due to the title, 1,245 due to the abstract, and 358 from reading the full text; we selected 35, of which 28 were repeated. In the end, seven articles were analyzed in this review., Conclusion: We conclude that cochlear implant users have slower linguistic and educational development than their peers with normal hearing - though they are better than conventional prostheses users - and they are able to match them over time. There is great variability in the test methodologies, thus reducing the effectiveness and reliability of the results found.

Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature studying the relationship between vocal production and auditory perception in cochlear implant users., Research Strategies: This is an integrative systematic review. The plattforms/databases Bireme, SciELO, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science were consulted and the descriptors used were voice, cochlear implant and auditory perception., Selection Criteria: Original papers published in English, French, Spanish or Portuguese involving the study of vocal production and auditory perception in cochlear implant users were selected and there was no restriction about year of publication of the articles., Data Analysis: The studies selected were analyzed according to the author, location, year and publication of the article, as well as for their sample size, type of vocal production and auditory perception assessment and for its major findings and recommendation grade/level of scientific evidence., Results: The results suggest the existence of positive relationship between vocal production and auditory perception in cochlear implant users, and indicate that the deployment time has a positive influence in this relationship., Conclusion: None of the selected studies were rated at level 1 of scientific evidence or grade A of recommendation, which is related to the methodological approach that can go with this subject matter. There is great lack of publications relating auditory perception and speech production in cochlear implant users. This gap is even greater when it comes to the adult population.

Purpose: To investigate the occurrence of hearing loss in children with HIV and its association with viral load, opportunistic diseases, and antiretroviral treatment., Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 23 HIV-positive children under care at two specialized centers in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Their parents or legal guardians responded to a questionnaire, containing data on the clinical situation and the hearing health of the children, who were then submitted to audiological assessment. We complied with the guidelines for human research contained in the CNE (National Education Council) Resolution number 196/1996. The findings were analyzed through descriptive statistics., Results: We observed that lamivudine (3TC) was the antiretroviral drug most used in 17 (94.4%) patients, followed by Kaletra (KAL), administered in 14 (77.8%) patients, d4T in 11 (61.1%) patients, and zidovudine (AZT) in 7 (38.9%) participants. Otitis was the most frequent opportunistic disease, with 11 (61.1%) cases. In the audiometric examination, we observed 39 (84.8%) ears with hearing loss and 7 (15.2%) normal ears. After the immitance testing, we found five (10.9%) normal ears, characterized by type A tympanometric curves. The other 41 (89.1%) ears were revealed as altered, with predominance of type B curves in 67.4% of the cases., Conclusion: There were hearing alterations in children with HIV/AIDS analyzed in this study. Discreet hearing losses were the most occurring. We verified statistically significant associations with the use of antiretroviral therapy and otitis. Therefore, we point out the importance of auditory monitoring and intervention as soon as possible, thus favoring adequate development in language and decreasing possible difficulties in learning and social inclusion.