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Most of the generations in Bangladesh power system are based on fossil fuels which is 99% of its total generation. Following other countries, Bangladesh is also planning to adopt renewable energy system (RES). It has a plan to incorporate 55 MW wind turbine generator (WT) and 100 MW solar photovoltaic generator (PV) in Western grid of its power system. Though RES is green energy but from stability aspect it needs to be studied as RES has limitations in generating reactive power and maintaining inertia. So, voltage stability and rotor angle stability should be given more attention. However, if any stability problem arises, flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices can be adopted. With a tuned power oscillation damper, FACTS can reduce the expected rotor angle and voltage stability problem which are associated with RES. This paper examines the stability of the Western grid with the incorporation of hybrid energy of both wind and solar power and shows the positive effect of FACTS devices like thyristor controlled series compensator and static synchronous compensator with respective tuned controller. In present paper, the combination of WT and PV is also examined which shows only incorporation of WT reduces both the steady and dynamic stability more than the only adoption of PV. Inclusion of both WT and PV, reduce the both types of stability more than their individual inclusion. This paper shows that FACTS can improve the stability with individual or both kinds of RES penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial and economic development of the industrialized countries, from the nineteenth century, has gone hand in hand with the development of electricity, the internal combustion engine, computers, the Internet, data use, and the intensive use of knowledge focused on science and the technology. Most conventional energy sources have proven to be finite and exhaustible. In turn, the different production activities of goods and services using fossil fuels and conventional energy have significantly increased the pollution of the environment, and with it, contributed to global warming. The objective of this work was to carry out a theoretical approach to data analytics and business intelligence technologies applied to smart electrical-system networks with renewable energies. For this paper, a bibliometric and bibliographic review about Big Data Analytics, ICT tools of industry 4.0 and Business intelligence was carried out in different databases available in the public domain. The results of the analysis indicate the importance of the use of data analytics and business intelligence in the management of energy companies. The paper concludes by pointing out how business intelligence and data analytics are being applied in specific examples of energy companies and their growing importance in strategic and operational decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper puts forward a lead compensatorbased PI controller for Demand Response (DR) loop which is included in the conventional Automatic Load Frequency Control (ALFC) model to improve the frequency control process of power system. Though DR is a good solution for ALFC but the vital problem in DR is the existence of communication delay between control centre and appliances. The proposed lead compensator can generate phase lead at the output of the DR loop to eliminate the adverse effects of the delay on the system performance. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller for ALFC problem, two different twoarea transfer function models of power system are tested. At first the approach is analysed for a wind integrated twoarea thermal power system, later the same is extended for a twoarea hydrothermal system. The system dynamic performances in presence of proposed compensator are obtained with all the controllers tuned. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to tune all the controller parameters of the DR loop as well as the ALFC loop. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed lead compensator in the event of communication delay and step load variation. Finally, the performance of lead compensator in DR exhibits robust performance even with the variation in disturbance parameters and operating conditions in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure the global energy demands and decarbonize the production of electricity, the expanded utilization of solar photovoltaics (PV) as a renewable energy resource has been increasing in recent decades, principally with the feasibility to be integrated with the conventional power grid. However, supplying clean power from PV grid-connected systems is often hampered by power quality (PQ) disturbances caused by the intermittent nature of solar radiation and other factors related to the grid, converters, and connected loads. To prevent deterioration of the power quality of the system, these disturbances must be mitigated. This paper technically studies some of these PQ issues, that is, the current total harmonic distortion (THD) which causes harmful effects on the whole connected power system and the linked loads. The case study works on a 5.5 kW grid-connected rooftop PV power system established at Benha Faculty of Engineering, Egypt, with the assistance of an installed weather station that boosts the validation of the research results. All aspects regarding the aforementioned small plant are presented including description and simulation of the whole system, review of current THD problems occurring at the point of common coupling (PCC), and a review of other disturbances observed by connected meters. A detailed examination of four techniques for harmonic mitigation, namely the on-off technique, LCL filter, active power filter, and hybrid active power filter is presented with a final comparison to assess the merits and demerits of each one. This research achieved a current harmonic limitation of 1.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All the countries are in needs of renewable energy (RE) penetration into their power system. As Bangladesh power system (BPS) depends on fossil fuel by 99% of its total generation capacity, it is very much focusing on having RE. In its Western grid, it has planned to install 55 MW wind turbine generator (WTG) and 100 MW solar photovoltaic generator (SPVG). It is expected that the system will be upset from stability perspective. To increase the power system security, contingency analysis is needed. But the power system operation parameters are always variable, with conventional load flow method, it is impossible to carry out contingency analysis according to such variations in parameters. So, this present work adopts machine learning (ML) to predict the contingency analysis by determining the performance indices (PI) with variable operating conditions in a quick time. Decision tree (DT), random forest (RF) and extra tree (ET) methods based supervised learning will be used to predict the result for the contingency analysis. Comparison among these methods will be carried out to get the most suitable one. Also, due to RE penetration, the system will be vulnerable to voltage due to reduction in reactive power. Adoption of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) will help to reduce the voltage stress of the system. Effective location of it is very essential, so that it can enhance the voltage stability. In this paper, modal analysis technique will be used to find out the optimal location for a STATCOM and to calculate the enhancement in stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous potential advantages to the requirements and effectiveness of the supplied electricity can be accomplished by the installation of distributed generation units. In order to take full advantage of these benefits, it is essential to position the Distributed Generation (DG) units in appropriate locations. Otherwise, their installation may have an adverse effect on the quality of energy and system operation. Several optimization techniques have been created over the years to optimize distributed generation integration. Optimization techniques are therefore constantly changing and have been the main attention of many fresh types of research lately. This article evaluates cutting-edge techniques of optimizing the issue of positioning and sizing distributed generation units from renewable energy sources based on recent papers that have already been applied to distribution system optimization. Furthermore, this article pointed out the environmental, economic, technological and regulatory drivers that lead to a rapid interest in the DG system based on renewable sources. A summary of popular meta-heuristic optimization tools discussed in table form with merits and demerits to increase fresh prospective paths to multi-approach that have not yet been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern Morocco's heavy dependence on foreign energy imports, combined with a rapidly growing population and an increasing demand for a better quality of life, makes the country's future uncertain. Possessing rich and diversified renewable energy resources within its territory encouraged the Moroccan government to make ambitious plans to integrate renewable energy resources into its national grid on a big scale, 42% of its energy generating capacity from renewables by 2020, and 52% by 2030. This paper provides a first assessment of the offshore energy potential available near the coastline of Morocco. After a brief description of operations of offshore wind, tidal and wave power, a first order assessment of their potential is presented and discussed. This study shows that important offshore wind resources are available throughout the Mediterranean and the Atlantic coast of Morocco. This resource peaks between the regions of Al Jadida and Agadir, reaching a speed of 9_m/s. The bulk of the offshore resources are located at the Atlantic coastline of the country. Tidal stream resources are concentrated at the region of Tangier, where tidal speed is up to 1.9_m/s potentially producing 1.58_kW/m2. Oualidia lagoon was studied and found to be capable of producing more than 0.5_MW of electricity if a tidal barrage exploits 10% of its surface. Finally, ocean wave energy is available all over the Atlantic coastline and peaks between the regions of Essaouira and Agadir where the wave heights are between 1.9 and 2.13_m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, fossil fuels replacements have shown leaps and bounds of progressions. Hence, various nations have initiated the adoption of biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy and hydropower energy. Yet, these currently developing technologies have constantly faced dual pressure from both the economic growth and environmental protection. Hydropower has become a key candidate for considerable utilization in various countries due to its numerous social, economic and environmental benefits. In this paper, a short review was carried out to analyse the development of various hydropower plants and compare its utilization over the conventional fossil fuels. The main setback for the adoption of this technology is that large hydropower plant demands for huge deforestation. This would direly result in the destruction of critical ecosystems, migration of large population at downstream and other catastrophic outcomes such as flash floods and landslides. However, this singular setback could be alleviated with the utilization of small or micro hydropower plant. This technology, in particular, was found to have minimal destruction effects to the environment and is able to produce affordable energy to the rural areas as it has proven in many countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An hybrid renewable energy sources consisting of solar photovoltaic, wind energy system, and a microhydro system is proposed in this paper. This system is suitable for supplying electricity to isolated locations or remote villages far from the grid supply. The solar photovoltaic system is modeled with two power converters, the first one being a DC-DC converter along with an maximum power point tracking to achieve a regulated DC output voltage and the second one being a DC-AC converter to obtain AC output. The wind energy system is modeled with a wind-turbine prime mover with varying wind speed and fixed pitch angle to drive an self excited induction generator (SEIG). Owing to inherent drooping characteristics of the SEIG, a closed loop turbine input system is incorporated. The microhydro system is modeled with a constant input power to drive an SEIG. The three different sources are integrated through an AC bus and the proposed hybrid system is supplied to R, R-L, and induction motor loads. A static compensator is proposed to improve the load voltage and current profiles; it also mitigates the harmonic contents of the voltage and current. The static synchronous compensator is realized by means of a three-phase IGBT-based currentcontrolled voltage source inverter with a self-supporting DC bus. The complete system is modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results obtained illustrate the feasibility of the proposed system and are found to be satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the automatic generation control of two unequal areas with diverse power generation sources like thermal, hydro, wind and diesel power plants. Three evolutionary optimization techniques named Bacteria Foraging algorithm, Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Improved PSO (IPSO) have been applied to tune the PID controller for the power system under study. In this paper an improved PSO technique with a constraint treatment mechanism called dynamic search space squeezing strategy is devised to accelerate the optimization process in the PSO algorithm. The dynamic performance of two unequal areas with diverse sources is investigated by the proposed IPSO optimized PID controller and with the cost function integral of time multiplied absolute error (ITAE) considering 1% step load perturbation in either one of the control areas and all of the control areas. It is found that significant improvement in the system dynamic performance is achieved by considering parallel AC/DC lines in comparison to only AC tie lines between control areas. The parameters obtained with proposed approach at nominal condition need not be required to reset while performing sensitivity analysis. Also, satisfactory system performance is obtained when subjected to random load perturbation. Furthermore, the wind and diesel sources are major contributor of power generations in load disturbances and considered as ultimate participating sources to meet the peak load for improvement of dynamics of power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy systems are likely to become widespread in the future due to adverse environmental impacts and escalation in energy costs linked with the exercise of established energy sources. Solar and wind energy resources are alternative to each other which will have the actual potential to satisfy the load dilemma to some degree. However, such solutions any time researched independently are not entirely trustworthy because of their effect of unstable nature. In this context, autonomous photovoltaic and wind hybrid energy systems have been found to be more economically viable alternative to fulfill the energy demands of numerous isolated consumers worldwide. The aim of this paper is to give the idea of the hybrid system configuration, modeling, renewable energy sources, criteria for hybrid system optimization and control strategies, and software used for optimal sizing. A case study of comparative various standalone hybrid combinations for remote area Barwani, India also discussed and found PV–Wind–Battery–DG hybrid system is the most optimal solution regarding cost and emission among all various hybrid system combinations. This paper also features some of the near future improvements, which actually has the possibility to improve the actual monetary attraction connected with this sort of techniques and their endorsement by the consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper deals with the selection of dc-dc converter and control variable required to track the maximum power of photovoltaic (PV) array, to optimize the utilization of solar power. To reduce the maintenance cost and to simplify the model, the battery has not been used in the proposed PV system mainly used for cooking and heating applications. Since the battery has not been used, selection of dc-dc converter is an important consideration of the PV system in standalone applications. In the proposed system converter is selected based on maximum power transfer theorem which is dependent on load resistance. Different load resistance is considered for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with different converter topologies, and it has been observed that buck-boost converter is suitable for any load resistance connected in the PV system. An effort has been taken to suitably choosing the control variable which is the output signal of the maximum power point (MPP) tracker. Control variable which is dependent on inputs of MPP tracker is decided based on the stability of the system. Two MPP trackers are designed based on neural-network (NN) controller and perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm. The tracking capabilities of both NN controller and the P&O algorithm is compared with the variation of irradiation and found that tracking capability of NN controller is better than P&O method. The system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the results show that NN controller tracks MPP at a faster rate with reduced oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the generation of electricity from biomass sources in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) between 2003 and 2012. The electrification rate in SSA was 32% as compared to 92, 70 and 94% in China and East Asia, South Asia and Latin America, respectively. This is a serious issue that affects development. An estimated 620 million people in SSA have no access to electricity. Yet SSA abounds in biomass resources, it produces less than 1% of its electricity from biomass. The structure of electricity production in SSA shows that generation mix is dominated by hydropower (23%) and fossil fuels (73.3%). There has been a significant temporal variation in the quantum of electricity produced from biomass in SSA between 2003 and 2012. The trend has been rather static. Only 13 countries in SSA produce electricity from biomass sources. However, there are significant spatial variations with Eastern and Southern Africa producing more electricity from biomass sources than Western Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High efficiency ultrathin CdTe film is an excellent candidate for reliable, efficient, stable and low cost solar cells. In this paper, a high efficiency CdS/CdTe solar cell has been studied by using ADEPT 1D simulation tool. The proposed device has been simulated with a reduced CdTe absorber layer thickness and a ZnTe layer as back surface field (BSF) which substantiates sensible energy conversion efficiency. The investigation into the simulation results showed that the conversion efficiency with BSF layer and 1 μm thick CdTe absorber is 8.24% more as compared to the conventional CdTe cells (without BSF layer). Reduction of minority carrier recombination loss due to the insertion of BSF layer at the back contact in ultra-thin CdS/CdTe cells has also been investigated. The results depict that CdTe cell with BSF layer is responsible for increasing the quantum efficiency. However, the proposed structure of ZnO/CdS/CdTe/ZnTe demonstrates the highest efficiency of 24.66% (Voc = 946.51 mV, Jsc = 34.40 mA/cm2 and FF = 75.72%) under global AM1.5G illumination spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient utilization of electrical energy plays a significant role for sustainable development of the industries. Moreover, effective implementation of energy efficiency technology in the industrial infrastructure and production chain is a part of smart grid mission. However, the cost effectiveness of the project is always a constraint for adoption and implementation. In this paper, for demand side management, an appropriate rule based strategy has been proposed which improves the energy efficiency of a production unit in a cost effective manner. Also, an attempt has been made to develop a fair trade-off based captive renewable power augmentation scheme which will further enhance the cost effectiveness of the presented energy efficiency model for the plant. Moreover, this approach can significantly reduce the maximum demand of the plant which will unburden the power utility. The developed model has been applied in a cement-asbestos industry considered for case-study which produces satisfactory results. The proposed model can be suitably customized for other type of production industries. The trade-off mechanism has been validated using HOMER Pro-3.2 software. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Global climate change has driven many manufacturing organizations to consider renewable energy as an alternative source of power for their operations. However, the instability and unpredictability of renewable energy has made it difficult to design an optimal solution. This is particularly critical for food manufacturing which is constrained by timing and seasonable fluctuations. This paper describes a feasibility study of offsetting grid supplied power by local generation using a roof top photovoltaic system. The study shows that the company can significantly reduce their carbon emitting energy usage by a 100 kW photovoltaic solar system that helps to reduce the annual electricity consumption by 39%. The system sizing methodology has taken into account the load profile of the food manufacturing plant and seasonal solar energy availability with the constrain to consume all solar power immediately. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]