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Abstract: In K 0 consolidation, i.e. laterally confined compression, the axial pressure creates some plastic work on the soil samples. Part of this plastic work is dissipated by friction between soil grains. The other part is stored as free energy (SFE) in the soil. When the soil micro-structure is disturbed, SFE is either accumulated or released. In this paper, formula for SFE is deduced under K0 conditions. Lanzhou loess and Qinghai–Tibet silty clay were used as study objects. After freeze–thaw, changes in mechanical properties of the two soils lead to the changes in SFE. It is found that freeze–thaw has different effects on the soil density, and thus on SFE. They are increased for the soils with low original dry unit weight, and decreased for the soils with high original dry unit weight. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, a frozen soil parameterization scheme is developed based on the Common Land Model. We modify a frozen soil parameterization scheme using soil matric potential to define maximum liquid water content when soil temperature is below the freezing point; the simulation performance is validated using the data from Maqu station on the Tibetan Plateau from 2005 to 2006. The simulated results indicate that the modified frozen soil parameterization scheme allows the liquid water to exist when the soil temperature is below the freezing point, and the simulated soil liquid water content is significantly improved. The simulated soil temperature is also improved because of the successful simulation of the soil liquid water content. The distribution of energy from the modified model is closer to the observed data. Also, the simulated latent heat flux from the modified model increases and the simulated soil heat flux descends compared with the original model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]