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OBJETIVO: Relatar a experiência inicial de um serviço de referência em cirurgia da coluna em São Paulo, Brasil com a técnica de fusão intersomática lombar transforaminal (TLIF) nas suas mais variadas indicações. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos retrospectivamente os dados gravados em prontuário de 25 pacientes que foram submetidos à cirurgia com a técnica de TLIF no ano de 2011. Um paciente foi excluído porque não consideramos que a TLIF foi a principal técnica empregada. As indicações incluíram nove casos de hérnia de disco lombar, sete espondilolisteses, quatro cirurgias de revisão, sendo duas por pseudoartrose e duas por lombalgias e, finalmente, quatro pacientes com estenose espinhal lombar. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes referiram melhora da dor e/ou claudicação neurológica em comparação com o estado pré-operatório. Apenas cinco pacientes continuaram usando alguma medicação analgésica. Cinco pacientes apresentaram alguma complicação, mas somente duas delas estão relacionadas diretamente com o procedimento. CONCLUSÕES: Trata-se de uma técnica segura, possível de ser realizada em todos os níveis da coluna lombar e aplicável a grande parte das doenças que acometem essa região da coluna.OBJETIVO: Relatar la experiencia de un servicio de referencia en cirugía de la columna en São Paulo, Brasil con la técnica de fusión intersomática lumbar transforaminal (TLIF) en sus más variables indicaciones. MÉTODOS: Valoramos retrospectivamente el historial médico de 25 pacientes que fueron sometidos a la cirugía con la técnica de TLIF en el año de 2011. Un paciente fue excluido porque no consideramos que la TLIF fue la principal técnica empleada. Las indicaciones incluyeron nueve casos de hernia de disco lumbar, siete espondilolistesis, cuatro cirugías de revisión siendo dos por pseudoartrosis y dos por lumbalgias y, finalmente, cuatro pacientes con estenosis espinal. RESULTADOS: Todos los pacientes presentaron mejora del dolor y/o claudicación neurogénicas en comparación con el status preoperatorio. Solamente cinco pacientes continuaron usando alguna medicación analgésica. Cinco pacientes presentaran alguna complicación, pero sólo dos de ellas están relacionadas directamente al procedimiento. CONCLUSIONES: Es una técnica segura, posible de ser realizada en todos los niveles de la columna lumbar y es aplicable a la mayoría de las enfermedades que afectan a esta región de la columna.OBJECTIVE: Describe the early results and experience from a reference center in spine surgery in São Paulo, Brazil with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) technique in its various indications. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 25 patients who underwent surgery with TLIF technique in 2011. One patient was excluded because we considered that TLIF was not the most important technique used. The indications were 9 lumbar disc herniations, 7 spondylolistheses, 4 revision surgeries of which 2 were for pseudoarthroses and 2 for low back pain, and finally, 4 lumbar spinal stenoses. RESULTS: All the patients reported low back pain and/or neurologic claudication improvement when comparing to preoperative status. Only five patients continued using analgesics. Five patients presented some complication, but only two of them were related to the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: TLIF is a safe technique which can be performed at any lumbar level of the lumbar spine and is applicable to the majority of diseases that affect this region.

Relatamos nota técnica para melhor visualização radiológica intraoperatória em cirurgias da região occipitocervical e coluna cervical superior.Relatamos nota técnica para mejor visualización radiológica intraoperatória en las cirugías de la región occipito-cervical y de la columna cervical alta.We report a technical note to obtain a better intraoperative radiological view in surgeries of the craniocervical junction and upper cervical spine.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the surgical results of a prospective series of five patients operated according to an approach indication protocol. Methods: Patients were classified according to surgical risk: Group A (high risk) or B (low risk) and subsequently into subgroups according to characteristics of the herniation and ultimately the surgical approach was defined: A.1) calcified central herniations - thoracoscopy; A.2) soft lateral herniations - posterolateral approach; A.3) centrolateral herniations - partial calcification in lateral position - posterolateral approach; higher density central calcification - thoracoscopy; B.1) central or centrolateral calcified herniations - thoracotomy or thoracoscopy; B.2) soft lateral herniations - posterolateral approach. Results: The duration of symptoms ranged from 2 months to 3 years; the age bracket was from 37 to 58 years; sex distribution was 3 female and 2 male patients and the length of hospital stay ranged from 2 to 20 days. The most affected level was T11/12. A patient classified as Group A.3 underwent posterolateral approach. The remaining patients were Group B.1, 3 submitted to thoracotomy and 1 to thoracoscopy. The herniation removal was completed in 5 cases; 3 patients improved and 2 remained stable. The morbidity and the recovery time were higher in patients who underwent anterolateral approaches. Conclusions: Classify patients according to surgical risk and the anatomical characteristics of disc herniation allows for complete decompression, minimizing morbidity and mortality.

ABSTRACT The anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is considered an established technique in cervical degenerative disease treatment, in which the final goal is the fusion of the segments involved. There are options for spacer grafts, such as bone grafts and synthetic bone substitutes like hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate. This technical note describes the combination of the stand-alone anchored intervertebral spacer and iliac graft, which is used as a pillar between the vertebrae. The iliac crest removal is performed with a 10 mm or 12 mm diameter trephine. The trephine is employed to make a graft in the same format as the inner portion of the intervertebral spacer. The cylindrical bone graft removed must be 1 millimeter higher than the cage that will be implanted so that it is 0.5 mm above and below the upper and lower edges of the cage. The objective is to establish support between the vertebral plateaus and the bone cylinder, as they present similar resistance and biological aspects, which are fundamental characteristics for proper osseointegration and fusion. When the conventional technique is used, the interaction between the cage and the plateaus occurs more intensely, and a plateau fracture may occur, a phenomenon known as subsidence. This technical note describes a feasible way to obtain autograft bone to be used in ACDF stand-alone surgery. This type of graft may be associated with lower rates of pseudoarthrosis. Level of Evidence IV; Case Series.

ABSTRACT A systematic review of the literature was performed in order to organize, evaluate, and select evidences available about the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous arthrodesis with percutaneous pedicle screws in the treatment of patients with degenerative disc disease (and other spinal pathologies) as compared to conventional arthrodesis. PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were consulted to locate clinical trials and case reports/case series published in English between 2014 and 2019. After selection according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 21 of the 197 articles identified were chosen for a complete reading and used for the present review. Although the level of evidence of most of the studies included made the demonstration of efficacy and superiority among the surgical techniques reviewed difficult, the findings related to the minimally invasive procedure indicate a safe and reliable approach for the treatment of lumbar diseases. Level of evidence II; Systematic review of literature.

ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to analyze the characteristics of patients with acute lumbar/sciatic disc herniation who underwent conservative, pain block procedures and surgical treatment, in order to better understand the natural history of herniations and their surgical indications, as well as the impact of hernia volume. Methods We analyzed 150 patients with a diagnosis of acute lumbar disc herniation. The treatments considered were: conservative, infiltration/pain block procedures and microdiscectomy. For seven patients who were surgically treated, the lumbar sequestrectomy volume was submitted to pathological analysis. Results Of the 150 patients, 80% were treated conservatively; 15.31% were treated with pain block procedures and 4.66% underwent microdiscectomy. The mean age of the surgical group was 42.5 years, and 57.1% of the patients were men. Most of the hernias were at L5-S1 (55.5%), and 77.7% were on the left side. All patients had presented significant lumbar pain or sciatica for a long period prior to the surgery. The Lasègue sign was present in all patients. Of the total number of patients, 85.7% presented hypoesthesia and 42.8% presented focal motor deficits, among other findings. The mean hernia volume was 9.6 cm3. Conclusions Unresponsiveness to conservative treatment is an important indication for surgery. The clinical manifestations in patients with a lumbar/sciatic hernia can be very diverse, as can the disc herniation volume, so these are not good indicators for surgery. Level of evidence IV; Case series