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• Vibration characteristics of face gear powering-split transmission system was established. • The nonlinear response of the system is studied. • The superharmonic resonance characteristics of the system are studied by multi-scale method. A nonlinear dynamic model of the face gear powering-split transmission system was established, and the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the face gear powering-split transmission system were studied by considering various factors such as support stiffness, time-varying meshing stiffness, lateral clearance of teeth, comprehensive transmission error and bearing stiffness. The Runge–Kutta integral method is used to solve the differential dynamics of the system. The nonlinear behavior of the system is described by the phase plane diagram, time history diagram, frequency domain diagram, and Poincare section diagram. The influence of external excitation frequency on the nonlinear behavior of the system is described by the bifurcation diagram. In addition, the multi-scale method is used to analyze the superharmonic resonance of the system and determine the stability conditions of the superharmonic resonance of the system. The influence of meshing damping, time-varying meshing stiffness, and time-delay control parameters on the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the system is studied by numerical analysis of the superharmonic resonance. The results show that the system will show periodic chaotic alternating motion characteristics under external excitation. Selecting meshing damping, meshing stiffness, and time delay control parameters in a reasonable range can effectively reduce the superharmonic co-amplitude and keep the system in a stable state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]