1. Wheat domestication: Lessons for the future
- Author
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Gilles Charmet, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
Triticum monococcum ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,0106 biological sciences ,AGRICULTURE ,Breeding ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Polyploidy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sustainable agriculture ,Genetic variation ,Adaptation ,NUCLEOTIDE DIVERSITY ,Domestication ,Molecular Biology ,Alleles ,History, Ancient ,Triticum ,T. aestivum ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,T. turgidum ,0303 health sciences ,Genetic diversity ,NEAR-EAST ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,ORIGIN ,BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE ,Genetic Variation ,food and beverages ,WILD ,General Medicine ,Polyploidisation ,15. Life on land ,CROP DOMESTICATION ,CULTIVATION ,Europe ,Archaeology ,Agronomy ,13. Climate action ,Evolutionary biology ,Africa ,TETRAPLOWHEATS ,Ploidy ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,HEXAPLOWHEAT ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Wheat was one of the first crops to be domesticated more than 10,000 years ago in the Middle East. Molecular genetics and archaeological data have allowed the reconstruction of plausible domestication scenarios leading to modern cultivars. For diploid einkorn and tetraploid durum wheat, a single domestication event has likely occurred in the Karacadag Mountains, Turkey. Following a cross between tetraploid durum and diploid T. tauschii, the resultant hexaploid bread wheat was domesticated and disseminated around the Caucasian region. These polyploidisation events facilitated wheat domestication and created genetic bottlenecks, which excluded potentially adaptive alleles. With the urgent need to accelerate genetic progress to confront the challenges of climate change and sustainable agriculture, wild ancestors and old landraces represent a reservoir of underexploited genetic diversity that may be utilized through modern breeding methods. Understanding domestication processes may thus help identifying new strategies. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2011