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The objective of this study was to explore the image classification and case characteristics of pigmented nevus (PN) diagnosed by dermoscopy under deep learning. 268 patients were included as the research objects and they were randomly divided into observation group (n = 134) and control group (n = 134). Image recognition algorithm was used for feature extraction, segmentation, and classification of dermoscopic images, and the image recognition and classification algorithm were studied as the performance and accuracy of fusion classifier were compared. The results showed that the classifier was optimized, and the linear kernel accuracy was 85.82%. The PN studied mainly included mixed nevus, junctional nevus, intradermal nevus, and acral nevus. The sensitivity under collaborative training was higher than that under feature training and fusion feature training, and the differences among three trainings were significant (P < 0.05). The sensitivity of the observation group was 88.65%, and the specificity was 90.26%, while the sensitivity and the specificity of the control group were 85.65% and 84.03%, respectively; there were significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dermoscopy under deep learning could be applied as a diagnostic way of PN, which helped improve the accuracy of diagnosis. The dermoscopic manifestations of PN showed a certain corresponding relationship with the type of cases and could provide auxiliary diagnosis in clinical practice. It could be applied clinically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]