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In today's transmission networks (TNs), the sudden failure of some generation units (GUs) from the generation cycle can cause some problems such as the imbalance between generation and demand-side (consumption) leading to increasing the cost of operating the power system. On the other hand, distributed generators (DGs) in distribution networks (DNs) can be a relatively good alternative to-the-disconnected GUs with their ability to react quickly. Therefore, robust cooperation-for integrated TN&DN is essential. However, it is impossible to solve the cooperation of TN&DN problem without considering the AC optimal power flow (ACOPF), the operators' independence, and the information privacy. Thus, in this paper, a linearized ACOPF model for the robust cooperation of TN&DN problem is presented along with an efficient hierarchical decentralized solution method to solve the robust cooperation of integrated TN&DN in which the information-privacy-is-maintained-for both network operators. In this paper, the numerical simulations are analyzed for standard IEEE 30/118-bus transmission and IEEE 33/69-bus distribution networks. Finally, the paper validates through simulations the accuracy and computational-efficiency-of the proposed robust optimization problem and hierarchical decentralized method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review of the literature survey of transient stability constrained optimal power flow (TSCOPF) shows that only mechanical input power is used as a key parameter in the energy sensitivity approaches while generator's voltage changes are not considered. Using AC-OPF, this paper considers the effect of generator voltage changes in the calculation of energy sensitivity. To evaluate the transient stability, a new index from the family of corrected hybrid techniques is proposed and applied. It is shown that the change of the proposed index against the mentioned key parameters is linear. Thus, to reduce the computational burden of the approach, this linear property is considered to define the transient stability constraint. The proposed framework is implemented on the New England 39-bus test network. A comparison of the obtained results with those in the literature survey shows that using the proposed approach, the operation cost is decreased from 61799.68 ($/h) to 60927.86 ($/h) which achieves 1.41% saving in the fuel cost while securing the network against considered contingency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]