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Abstract: This paper presents a damage detection technique combining proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) with self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm for structural health monitoring considering environmental variability and measurement noises. The damage detection methodology consists of three stages. Identification of the exact time instant of damage and exact spatial location of damage using proper orthogonal modes constitutes the first two stages. The damage severity assessment is the third stage and is formulated as a constrained optimisation problem, solved using newly proposed self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm. Numerical simulation studies indicate that the proposed method is robust and can be used effectively in SHM applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]