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The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate harvest interval for the phytomass production of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) transplanted in summer and winter. Two experiments were carried out in soilless cultivation, one with transplantation in summer and the other with transplantation in winter, in a completely randomized design, with five harvest intervals (30, 45, 60, 72, and 90 days) and four replicates. Fresh and dry matter weights of leaves, branches and shoots were determined. The fresh matter weight of peppermint leaves and the daily growth rate of this trait were similar between the harvest intervals for the transplantation performed in the summer. The dry matter weight of leaves was higher for the intervals of 72 days (90.80 g plant-1) and 90 days (90.24 g plant-1). For the transplantation performed in winter, the fresh matter and dry matter weights of leaves were higher for the intervals of 60 days (660.54 g plant-1, 107.14 g plant-1) and 90 days (630.40 g plant-1, 105.95 g plant-1). The same was observed for the daily growth rates of these traits. Peppermint harvests at 60-day intervals in winter transplantation are more appropriate for phytomass production. In summer transplantation, one can opt for the 45-day interval.

The aim of this study was to determine the season that provides the highest production and best quality of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) essential oil in summer and winter transplants. Two experiments were performed in a protected cultivation, the first with transplantation in summer and the second with transplantation in winter, with a completely randomized design with four treatments, being the seasons of the year. Content, yield and chemical composition of the essential oil were determined. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography. In the summer transplant the essential oil content and yield were higher in the summer and spring seasons. In the winter transplant the oil content was higher in the summer season and the yield in the summer and in spring. Carvacrol was the major component of marjoram essential oil regardless of harvest and transplant season. Of the other main compounds, only terpinolene was detected in all samples analyzed, with the other essential oil components varying between transplant and harvest seasons. The highest production of marjoram essential oil is obtained in summer and spring harvests from plants transplanted in summer and winter. The major components of marjoram essential oil are carvacrol and terpinolene.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho de amostra (número de plantas) necessário para a estimação da média de caracteres de tremoço branco (Lupinus albus L.). Foi conduzido um experimento de tremoço branco em uma área de 50 × 50 m. Aos 157 dias após a semeadura, foram coletadas, aleatoriamente, 400 plantas. Em cada planta foram mensurados os caracteres morfológicos (altura de planta e diâmetro do colmo) e os produtivos (número de vagens, massa verde de vagens, massa verde da parte aérea sem vagens, massa verde da parte aérea, massa seca de vagens, massa seca da parte aérea sem vagens e massa seca da parte aérea). Para cada caractere, foram calculadas medidas de tendência central e de variabilidade e determinado o tamanho de amostra por meio de reamostragem, com reposição, de 10.000 amostras. Para a estimação da média de caracteres produtivos e morfológicos de tremoço branco, com amplitude do intervalo de confiança de 95% igual a 20% da estimativa da média, 127 e 22 plantas, respectivamente, são suficientes.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho ótimo de parcela para avaliar a massa verde de parte aérea, a massa de restos culturais de parte aérea e a massa total de parte aérea de mucuna cinza (Stizolobium cinereum), em cenários formados por combinações de números de tratamentos, de números de repetições e de níveis de precisão. Foi realizado um ensaio de uniformidade e foram pesadas a massa verde de parte aérea, a massa de restos culturais de parte aérea e a massa total de parte aérea em 256 unidades experimentais básicas (UEB) de 1,00 m × 1,00 m (1,00 m2). Foi determinado o índice de heterogeneidade do solo de Smith (1938) e determinado o tamanho ótimo de parcela por meio do método de Hatheway (1961). Para mesma precisão, o tamanho ótimo de parcela para avaliar a massa de restos culturais de parte aérea, a massa verde de parte aérea e a massa total de parte aérea, decresce, nessa ordem. Em experimentos no delineamento blocos ao acaso, com 5 a 15 tratamentos e com 4 repetições, parcelas de 8 UEB de 1,00 m2 (8,00 m2) são suficientes para identificar diferenças significativas entre tratamentos, a 5% de probabilidade, de 28%, 24% e 18% da média geral do experimento, respectivamente, para a massa de restos culturais de parte aérea, a massa verde de parte aérea e a massa total de parte aérea.

Estimating the number of repetitions of data obtained from several experiments performed ingiven location is important to minimize human and financial resources and leverage the existinginformation. The objective of this research was to determine how many evaluations (replications)were necessary to predict productive and morphologic characters of soybean genotypes (Glycinemax L. Merril) and to verify its variability in the number of replications among characters. Twenty-eightsoybean genotypes were evaluated in five experiments conducted in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State,Brazil, from 2002 to 2005. Randomized blocks design with three repetitions was installed to evaluatethe following productive characters (seed yield, number of pods per plant and mass of one hundredgrains) and morphologic (plant height at maturity, height of first pod insertion, number of nodesper plant and number of branches per plant). It was performed analysis of variance, estimated therepeatability coefficient and calculated the number of repetitions necessary to predict the realvalue of the genotypes. It was found variability in the number of replications among the productiveand morphologic characters. Experiments with three replicates identify soybean genotypes withhigher 17.52% (height of first pod insertion) to 61.07% (number of nodes per plant) of real accuracy.To improve the accuracy of the evaluation of characters in soybean plants, you need to use agreater number of repetitions., A estimativa do número de repetições obtida de dados de vários experimentos realizados num determinado local é importante por minimizar recursos humanos e financeiros e aproveitar as informações existentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o número de medições (repetições) necessários para avaliar caracteres de produtividade e de morfologia em genótipos de soja (Glycine max L. Merril) e avaliar a variabilidade do número de repetições entre os caracteres. O estudo constituiu-se na avaliação de 28 genótipos de soja por meio de cinco experimentos conduzidos em Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil, no período de 2002 a 2005. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Avaliaram-se os caracteres de produtividade (produtividade de grãos, número de vagens por planta e massa de cem grãos) e de morfologia (altura de planta na maturação e de inserção de primeira vagem, número de nós por planta e de ramos por planta). Foi realizada a análise de variância, estimado o coeficiente de repetibilidade e calculado o número de repetições necessário na predição do valor real dos genótipos. Há variabilidade da estimativa do número de repetições entre os caracteres de produtividade e de morfologia. Experimentos com três repetições identificam genótipos de soja superiores com 17,52% (altura de inserção de primeira vagem) a 61,07% (número de nós por planta) de exatidão no prognóstico de seu valor real. Para melhorar a precisão da avaliação de caracteres em plantas de soja, necessita-se utilizar maior número de repetições. Estimated number of replications for evaluation of productive andmorphologic characters in soybean genotypesAbstractEstimating the number of repetitions of data obtained from several experiments performed ingiven location is important to minimize human and financial resources and leverage the existinginformation. The objective of this research was to determine how many evaluations (replications)were necessary to predict productive and morphologic characters of soybean genotypes (Glycinemax L. Merril) and to verify its variability in the number of replications among characters. Twenty-eightsoybean genotypes were evaluated in five experiments conducted in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State,Brazil, from 2002 to 2005. Randomized blocks design with three repetitions was installed to evaluatethe following productive characters (seed yield, number of pods per plant and mass of one hundredgrains) and morphologic (plant height at maturity, height of first pod insertion, number of nodesper plant and number of branches per plant). It was performed analysis of variance, estimated therepeatability coefficient and calculated the number of repetitions necessary to predict the realvalue of the genotypes. It was found variability in the number of replications among the productiveand morphologic characters. Experiments with three replicates identify soybean genotypes withhigher 17.52% (height of first pod insertion) to 61.07% (number of nodes per plant) of real accuracy.To improve the accuracy of the evaluation of characters in soybean plants, you need to use agreater number of repetitions.