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The article explores the origins of the distinct approaches of the U.S. and Canada in tailoring immigration policy to meet changing economic needs. It argues that the roots of both state's policies are the same and that in the post-World War II era, changing norms pertaining to race, ethnicity and human rights cast longstanding discriminatory policies in both countries in a highly critical light. It outlines arguments regarding the interplay of shifting normative context to better understand postwar immigration policy making in Canada and the U.S.

A comparative survey of activist mobilizing to secure recognition of sexual diversity in Canadian and American public school systems, and of the extent to which public policy and schooling practice have responded. Until the 1990s, only scattered jurisdictions effected any significant change, often starting with ‘safe schools’ measures. Such change, and particularly in the area of anti-gay bullying, appears more widespread in the U.S. than Canada, not at all the pattern in other sexual diversity issues. Differences arise from religious, cultural, and institutional factors, and from Canadian-American contrasts in the extent to which sexual diversity provokes high stakes debates over other issues. As on all sexual diversity fronts, dramatic variation persists across U.S. regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]