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This paper enters the recent debate on the place of the human subject in international studies, with the aim of linking it better to the main disciplinary concerns of International Relations (IR) and to related research in other disciplines and fields of study. It is found that most of the main theoretical traditions of IR reserve some place for the human subject. However, these places remain imperfectly linked to suitable middle-range theories and other literatures on the human subject which would help with conceptualizing those places better. Moreover, in practical research efforts little or no empirical content is sought to fill the places reserved for the human subject. In order to correct this state of affairs the paper adapts some elements of the methodology of scientific research programmes of Lakatos to social scientific research. It is suggested that the Lakatosian 'positive heuristics' of the main theoretical orientations of IR - the possibilities for proposing new models and conceptualisations that keep research programmes going - represents a promising route for outlining what multidisciplinary linkages can be made to enrich and structure better the debate on the human subject. The paper argues that in order to exercise serious impact in IR, such multidisciplinary linkages must be sufficiently compatible with the ontological, epistemological, explanatory and normative assumptions of the available positive heuristics in the main theoretical orientations. The paper then concludes by outlining three possible broad directions whereby wider multidisciplinary research programmes on the human subject in international studies can be developed: the humanist, scientific and social scientific directions. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, there has been rapid growth in the number of multidisciplinary International Studies programs across the country. These programs are quite diverse, yet appear to be bound by the idea that students must acquire a particular body of knowledge, skills and appreciations to operate effectively in a changing and increasingly complex world. Unlike international relations, which constitutes its own discipline and has generated an abundance of texts reflecting its core concepts, International Studies looks at the world through multiple lenses. The absence of core texts accounting for these multidisciplinary perspectives has affected the continuity of curricula across introductory level courses. This paper will suggest the key elements that might serve as the basis for a core International Studies text for use in introductory courses seeking to incorporate multidisciplinary perspectives. It builds upon the discussions during a related panel sponsored by the International Education section at the 2004 meeting of the International Studies Association that sought to identify commonalities in International Studies courses. This paper will identify the major concepts and issue areas that would frame an introductory level text and then proceed to outline the type of material that would go into an elaboration of these basic themes. The objective is the development of a text that enables students to become more knowledgeable about the world and to prepare them for the challenges they will confront as citizens and participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching undergraduate international studies research methods to large classes poses many challenges to professors and students alike. One solution that many professors adopt is group research projects. This paper examines the utility of group learning in large research methods courses. The objectives of group projects in large research methods courses are to maximize the individual contact that students have with the professor through regular small group meetings, to allow students to learn from each other, and to help students share the burden of conducting original social science research in one short semester. However, group learning is also very risky in terms of the increased opportunity it provides for free-riding, interpersonal conflict, and misguided group-think throughout the research process. Survey data from two semesters of large research methods courses is analyzed to determine the utility of group learning in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the end of 2008, after 30 years of opening to the outside world, China will have accumulated close to 1.5 million students and scholars who have studied overseas. In the past decade, many of them have decided to return to China; and many of those who have not returned play an active role in technology transfer, trade and investment in China. These Chinese returnees, and those who have remained as Diasporas, play an increasingly significant role in China's globalization. There is a great shift from focus in China on what China wants. China has become the number two export country in the world and it has become the endpoint of an enormous amount of foreign investment, now second only to the United States in the yearly FDI fare. China now has the largest foreign reserve in China and China now is not that hungry for money anymore, instead China needs more international talents, especially the returnees and diaspora, as they are emerging as the new important changing forces in China. This paper is the first of its kind to comprehensively examine the roles and contributions made by returnees in the Chinese economic and business front and their impact on the China globalization process and going out strategy. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of International Studies programs presents both opportunities and challenges. These programs are quite diverse, but are bound by the idea that students must look at the world through multiple lenses and acquire a particular body of knowledge to operate in a changing and increasingly complex world. This paper presents the key elements that should serve as the basis for a core curriculum in international studies that incorporates multiple perspectives and multidisciplinary dimensions. It identifies major concepts and issue areas, while focusing on the ways in which students can acquire the background and preparation necessary to be effective participants and citizens in the world of the 21st century. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a conference paper titled "Characteristics of International Studies Programs at Midwestern Liberal Arts Colleges and Universities," prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association in Honolulu, Hawaii. Accordingly, the authors' objective is not to propose a one size fits all international studies curriculum, but to put the conversation on the mission of the international studies major about more experiential foundation.

The article presents the conference paper "Study Abroad, Global Knowledge and the Epistemic Communities of Higher Education" that was presented at the International Studies Association conference in Honolulu, Hawaii. According to the author, study abroad that is understood through epistemic communities approach is most generally supported as a means of enhancing the knowledge of other cultures and languages. The differences between approaches to epistemic communities are discussed.

Focuses on the participation of women at the annual meetings of the International Studies Association (ISA). Rate of women who constitute all ISA individual memberships; Types of meeting participation; Similarities between the activities of women at the ISA and at the American Political Science Association.

Overview of the status of women in governance and participation in the ISA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of international travel on the traveler are frequently promoted as life-changing, or at least eye-opening. For example, study abroad programs are touted as a unique opportunity for college students. Yet the effects of such travel on the societies and people that are observed are ignored, except for the assumed positive economic impact. This paper reports on the initial stages of a larger project that examines the impacts of foreign travel on the hosts. It will apply to international travel a diverse literature whose origin is in exploring the effects of voyeurism and surveillance on those observed. International travel, especially to the developing world, has elements not unlike those of voyeurism and surveillance. The actions of the traveler have effects on those visited as they observe and interact with their hosts. Are these innocent, mutually enriching experiences? Or do they carry with them cultural and political elements that have the effect of disciplining and constraining the politics, societies and individuals that are the objects of observation? The paper draws on a diverse literature from the fields of tourism studies and recent attempts to better understand the politics and sociology of the ever growing technologies of surveillance. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although uncertainty is widely used as a reference point for analysing state behaviour, it is not taken seriously as a theoretical concept in its own right. There is no attempt to clarify the ways in which competing approaches to International Relations (IR) differ in their understanding on uncertainty, and how this difference matters for understanding institutions, social systems, and indeed political processes. Taking uncertainty as vantage point, this paper argues the idea of a "middle ground" constructivism is based on a category mistake on the level of probability theory. This category mistake delimits the boundary of Bayesian thought and thus the limits of rational approaches to international institutions such as the emerging institutional design literature. In other words: this paper argues that Bayesian thought and thus rational approaches to institutions are based on a category mistake. To make good on my claims, the article is structured as follows: The first part draws from different strands of economic theorising and introduces a topology of probability theories. The topology suggests that not two, as commonly thought, but at least four distinct approaches to probability can be differentiated with each providing a particular understanding of how "probability", knowledge and uncertainty are intertwined. These four positions are derived from two distinctions: aleatoric vs. epistemic and objective vs. subjective probability. Here I will identify the quantitative conception of degree of belief as the subjective-aleatoric and the qualitative conception as the objective- epistemic approach to probability. This part provides the background for discussing basic assumptions of different systems theories. The second part provides the proof that the differences between the "risk as uncertainty" and the "risk versus uncertainty" approach are visible in Savage's axiomatic approach and that consequently, "Savage system" as Bayesian thought in general - is based on a category mistake. The third part will then discuss the consequences for the different concepts of knowledge, rationality, institutions and politics rationalist and constructivist approaches entertain. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2006, for the first time at the International Studies Association Convention, there were three sessions on labour issues. The lack of a voice for labour in international studies is striking. Even in studies of social movements, there is a muted acknowledgement of the role of trade unions. The socio-economic security of labour has a significant impact on security concerns, yet it is not widely recognised academically. However, there are signs that multi-lateral agencies are beginning to recognise the importance of labour standards. The International Finance Corporation recently introduced core labour standards for companies receiving its loans. This paper will analyse and reflect on a research programme, which was a partnership between the International Labour Office and an international trade union, Public Services International. This set out to examine the impact of policies of liberalisation and privatisation on public sector workers. The paper looks at the process of gathering and analysing data, the involvement of trade unions in this process and the responsibilities and issues that have emerged. The results contribute to a growing body of evidence on how international policies impact on workers.Written from the perspective of the researcher, who is both part-funded by Public Services International and is also employed within a university, this paper will also discuss some of the wider issues involved in the process of raising the voice of labour within international studies and ultimately in shaping international policy. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental change is sufficiently important to the human condition to warrant extensive attention of International Studies. The bulk of research on environmental issues among International Relations scholars has tended to focus on various aspects of international cooperation and regimes, on one hand, and the processes of domestic environmental policy and sustainable development, on another. Ongoing environmental destruction suggests that this research has proved to be inadequate. One possible way to enhance our knowledge may be to look more carefully at what goes on between and across international and domestic aspects of environmental policy. Foreign policy analysis examines the interplay between domestic forces, institutions and actors, and international forces, institutions and actors. Bearing this in mind, we should more consciously analyze environmental foreign policy as we seek to understand how to use human institutions to limit harm to the planet. Toward this end, this essay addresses these questions: (1) What is foreign policy? (2) How is foreign policy analyzed? (3) What is environmental foreign policy and how can we analyze it? To receive the full paper, please send an email to pharris@ln.edu.hk before 10 March 2004 or after 21 March 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One theme pervades the body of literature which has been produced by Anglophone Caribbean scholars of international relations in the years since independence ? small size. Indeed, the relatively small size of the states that make up the Caribbean region is a central factor in virtually all aspects of international relations scholarship, from matters pertaining to economic development, foreign policy analysis, multilateralism, regional integration and environmental sustainability. Beyond academia, thinking on the fact of our ?smallness? has also had an impact on foreign policy formulation in the region. What is interesting about this phenomenon is the fact that in recent times, one of the criticisms that have been leveled at some Caribbean states (and Jamaica in particular) in the formulation and pursuit of their foreign policy objectives is that they have sought to act ?big?. Such criticism may be regarded as ironic, unless one takes the view that the assumption of a posture of ?bigness? on the world stage is a means of (over)compensating for the very fact of our smallness in geographical, political and economic terms. It is this ?bigness? / ?smallness? dialectic and the ways in which it has informed both scholarship and policy-making in the Caribbean that is the main focus of this paper.Using Jamaica as the focal point, while making reference to other Caribbean states as points of comparison (e.g. Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, Cuba), the paper will entail an attempt to come to grips with the discourse on smallness, both in the academic literature of Caribbean international relations and in the thinking that has underpinned foreign policy formulation by the small states of the region. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most political science educators agree that the preparation of literate and interested citizens is an important teaching and learning objective. The syllabi of political science courses describe the goals of developing higher order cognitive skills, fostering intellectual and moral growth, and instilling affective values, such as intellectual empathy, fair-mindedness, tolerance, and fascination with the subject.There is often a mismatch between the objectives of curricula, on the one side, and activities and assessment tools utilized for the attainment of goals, on the other. Lectures as an instructional tool, and tests, quizzes, and papers as tools of students? evaluation remain the predominant mode of teaching and gauging the learning outcomes. Classroom debates are an excellent teaching and learning strategy aligned with the goals of development of critical thinking and intellectual independence. In addition, debates offer excellent performance assessment opportunities for both instructors and students. Despite many virtues and simplicity in use, debates have not been frequently used in political science courses, in general, or international relations courses, in particular.In my essay, I advocate the use of classroom debates as superior tools of learning, instruction, and evaluation for teaching about different areas of international relations or world politics. The discussion of debates is grounded in psychological theories that explicate how the features of debates can promote abstract thinking, engagement in learning, citizenship and etiquette, clarity, organization, persuasion, public speaking, research, and teamwork and cooperation. I emphasize the evaluative purposes of debates and discuss how they can be used to measure students? achievement, diagnose learning problems, assess the entire instruction process, and even determine student attitudes toward the content of the course and the quality of the instruction. The essay includes concrete examples of classroom debates accompanied by recommendations on debate preparation, presentation, evaluation, and sources for debates. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is international studies? What do we mean by global citizenship? What are the skills, appreciations and knowledge that students need to be prepared for the global world in which they will live? What are the challenges they will be confronted with? How can we, as international educators, achieve these goals? To be a productive citizen in the 21st century, students must understand the challenges facing the world today. International studies must develop paths of learning that can address the political, economic, social and cultural issues that transcend national boundaries. It must provide skills and tools that will empower students to be effective in the global environment and become productive members of society. This paper will address these objectives by looking at international studies as a program of study, exploring what it tells us about citizenship and student roles in the international system. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What are the purposes and benefits of majoring in international studies? In this paper, we investigate how international studies major programs at primarily undergraduate colleges and universities in the Midwest market themselves. Hence, this is not a survey of the actual course of study prescribed by various institutions, but rather an examination of the way international studies programs identify their purpose and benefits in an effort to attract students to the major. We find that there is quite a bit of variation in the benefits that are highlighted. However, knowledge, career preparation, and foreign language study are cited most frequently, irrespective of the degree to which the program is structured. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a performance entitled ?My New York? (2002), Chinese artist Zhang Huan parades before a crowd at the Whitney Museum in a suit made of beef. The performance highlights the double marginality of Chinese artists in the art world: they are marginal in their own country and marginalized by international art standards set in wealthy countries. My paper argues that the excess, shock and marginality in this performance embody the paradoxical aesthetics of theories of international studies and the division between the global north and south. Beauty, horror, and excess are undoubtedly fundamental frames for understandings a contemporary world in which global inequalities, pandemics such as AIDS, and environmental threats generally are urgent issues. In the event, the information that publics and decision makers receive about such issues is mediated through conventions of representation that are set in wealthy (often northern) nations. Our resulting awareness of ?real? world problems of the world is fundamentally representational in character, and aestheticized by participation in structured conventions of communications. The many photographs that appear on the Web, for example, are part of a contested terrain of representation in which distinctions between real events and rituals of intercultural exchange diminish as various global regions engage in increasingly regular contact. As such, aesthetics is a key analytic category in international studies, but grotesque in its separation from fulfilment of needs, resolution of conflict, or addressing the tragedies of our time. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its practical applications, as a field of study, and as an academic profession, International Studies has traditionally been a male-dominated field. Women's admittance and full acceptance in such fields can be hindered by laws and regulations, customar ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A discussion of the book Prediction: Science, Markets, and Politics, which the ISA panel presenters currently are editing, to be published by University of Michigan Press. The book is based on presentations, by chapter contributors, to an international conference, held September 2005 at the University of Michigan, for the purpose of exploring societal, biological, and physical aspects of global modeling and forecasting. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the outline of the study "Mortality and Morbidity Among Humanitarian Workers," presented at the 46th Annual Convention of the International Studies Association. It enumerates the changes in conflict affecting humanitarian workers, including the increase in the number and duration of conflicts and increase in proportion civilian casualties. Research data shows that the greatest number of humanitarian workers deaths were in Africa, with robbery as the possible motive.

The article focuses on Global Mosaic, a new approach to foreign study at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania that reflects the changes in international education. It says that this approach links the study of a local phenomenon to an international location through cooperation, interdisciplinary teaching and research, study in multiple locations and applied use of multiple languages. The Patagonia Mosaic and the Mexican Mosaic are described.

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee has developed a comprehensive, campus-wide program called Global Passports, which is administered through the Center for International Education. The Global Passports program includes a new interdisciplinary major (Bachelor of Arts in Global Studies), and has identified goals and strategies for the development and enhancement of the following areas: curriculum, faculty development and research opportunities, K-12 teacher and public outreach, campus coordination and information dissemination, overseas academic and internship programs, and international students and scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the evolution of Global Studies in itsinterdisciplinary intellectual and institutional context. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presentation will focus on College of Atlantic?s goal of creating multiple interdisciplinary programs meant to prepare students to do sophisticated and advanced work on ecological issues in international settings, such as Mexico, Guatemala and Tobago. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than a decade, Kapiolani has been a strong proponent of ?integrated? international education across the liberal arts and career education curriculum. The College has explicit ?integrated? international learning outcomes in its General Education program and Asian Studies and International Studies Certificates. The College is also currently implementing a Freeman Scholars project that funds 60 community college students over two years to participate in ?intensive? Japanese, Chinese, and Korean language learning, study abroad, and service-learning. Plans to compare international learning outcomes, in these ?integrated? and ?intensive? formats and in a control group receiving no international learning intervention will be discussed. Preliminary findings from Cohort 1 Freeman Scholars returning from intensive study in East Asia will be shared as will preliminary findings from select international/general education courses. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]