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In postwar Japan, idealism and realism have developed within the framework of Japanese Constitution and the US-Japan security system. At first glance, the current Japanese Constitution seems unrealistic whereas the drafting reveals it was not only influenced by GHQ’s unilateral compulsion. This paper examines the circumstances where the constitutional thought was formed based on the political thought of modern Japanese political thought. And it examines how their idealism has been transformed while conflicting with realism in the Cold War and the reality of the US-Japan security system. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of the Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA) in establishing cooperative security in Northeast Asia. It explains that the idea of cooperative security involves cooperation based on the definition of scholars Ashton B. Carter, William J. Perry and John D. Steinbuner. The strategy of cooperative security as a realistic approach is also tackled. It argues that the ODA can establish its security through bilateral and regional relations in the region.

When Joseph Nye?s famous quote ?Security is like Oxygen.? is first introduced to the Japanese university students, a major of them understand that it means security is free of charge. When they were born, it was the end of the Cold War and the world has been enjoying economic interdependence. To them, the memory of World War II is only in the textbook. In Cultures of Antimilitarism, Thomas U. Berger tests the new model of political-military culture, so called Culturally Bound Actor Model, to post World War II Japan. He concludes that his findings offer a peculiar combination of ?good news? and ?bad news.? The good news is that it is highly unlikely to see Japan aspire to the status of great military power for some time to come. The bad news is that Japan?s unwillingness or inability to respond to military security threat is much greater than assumed by those who believe that Japan?s behavior is merely the consequence of the free ride on security it receives from the United States.The current situation of the Japanese students seems to reaffirm Berger?s good news. However, to fight against the terrorism, Washington needs all the help which it can get. The United States count heavily on Japan for this matter. In order to do so, Washington makes every effort to change what Berger calls a bad news. The worldwide transformation plan of the U.S. Forces overseas unveiled in May 2004 can be regarded as Washington?s effort o change Japan?s unwillingness or inability to military threat. The plan calls for the integration of the headquarters of the U.S. Air Force in Japan and the Japanese Air Defense Force to the Yokota Air Base. It also plans to relocate the headquarters of the U.S. 1st Army Corps from the State of Washington to Kanagawa prefecture in Japan. The plan includes the pullout of 12000 troops, a third of the 37000 American troops in South Korea.While Washington seek to demand more contribution from Japan and Japan?s defense integration with the United States, it will be highly unlikely to see Japan live up to America?s expectation unless Japanese Foreign Policy Formation shifts from Culturally Bound Actor model to Rational Actor Model. This transformation will not be succeeded only by the agreement of leaders between Washington and Tokyo. It will not be achieved without changing Japanese people?s understanding of security and cultivating their wish to contribute to international security, based on Japan?s status. Otherwise, Washington? bad news will always remain as headaches to the U.S.-Japan Relations. tries to focus on the need to expand the Realist paradigm and Security Studies in International Relations classrooms in the Japanese universities to educate the future generations of the Japanese to understand what security means, what it takes to sustain security, and what Japan needs to do. Based on the survey of International Relations curriculum at the Japanese universities, it will first describe how little the Realist paradigm and Security studies are taught. Then, it will introduce a few good initiatives as models for the future. Finally, I will present a semester long model course focusing on the Realist Paradigm and Security Studies with the intention of narrowing the gap of understanding of security between Washington and Tokyo. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]