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Copyright of Conference Proceedings of the Société d'Ergonomie de Langue Française (SELF) is the property of Societe d'Ergonomie de Langue Francaise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This role play allows students and / or managers, engineers or risk prevention specialists to understand the collective management of a crisis linked to a natural risk, involving heterogeneous actors. More exactly, by playing an actor involved in the situation, it makes it possible to represent the needs and expectations of the other, even misunderstandings. The management of communication and information between experts and lay people (victims of the situation) appears essential as a means of collectively managing the situation. This role play allows to training the future preventers in risk governance and resilience in case of natural disasters that may generate other risks (domino effect, cascading) such as economic risks, on transport or social infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La communication présente les premiers résultats d'une étude en cours, visant à comprendre la façon dont des acteurs hétérogènes et -- pour certains -- peu reliés entre eux (experts, autorités locales, citoyens, guides de montagne, etc.) de trois territoires de montagne, en Suisse (Valais) et en France (massif du Mont Blanc, massif de la Vanoise), se représentent le risque associé à la dégradation du permafrost. Un guide d'entretien, élaboré conjointement entre chercheurs en ergonomie et géosciences, permet de confronter chaque acteur à sa représentation, en fonction de son activité professionnelle ou de pratiquant de montagne. Le dispositif d'enquête repose sur une présentation de cartes du permafrost, spécifiques au lieu de vie ou de travail de la personne, et de 3 cas réels de déstabilisation du permafrost ayant eu des conséquences croissantes : un écroulement rocheux, la déstabilisation d'une infrastructure, et un cas avec des processus géomorphologiques en cascade et des dégâts importants. Une mesure de la perception de la gravité et de la possibilité de maîtriser l'aléa est réalisée à deux reprises, au moyen d'échelles graduées : une première fois avant la présentation des cartes du permafrost et des 3 cas, et une seconde fois à la fin de l'entretien. La comparaison des réponses avant/après permet d'identifier une éventuelle évolution des perceptions, du fait de la confrontation avec le matériau présenté. Des changements sont également notés, dans la manière dont la personne définit le permafrost. Les participants sont également invités à réfléchir aux actions de prévention à envisager, en fonction de leur activité spécifique. Le dépouillement des données étant en cours, cette communication se concentre uniquement sur les réponses aux échelles d'évaluation des risques. Dans le futur, cette recherche souhaite réunir les différents acteurs, par territoire, pour favoriser l'élaboration d'un référentiel opératif commun et participer à construire une gouvernance de ce risque naturel qui s'accroît. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this communication will be to describe how the crisis was an opportunity for collective activity to begin networking between differents stakeholders of healthcare system on the local territory. The ergonomic observation of the hospital and territorial crisis cells, since March 2020, shows that it is possible to follow the evolution of cooperation to the construction of a work collective. The conditions of this collectively management of the Covid-19 crisis are : organizational innovations, re-elaboration of rules and mutual aid, in order to cope with the shortage experienced by the hospital environment and the care system well before the crisis. In a diachronic approach, different step will be traced of collective activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major changes (climatic, societal, economic) that are emerging at the beginning of the 21st century and the resulting vulnerabilities (environmental uncertainty, economic insecurity) confront our society with major new challenges. In this changing context, ergonomics must question the validity of its models and methods. In particular, is our discipline, which advocated a global and systemic approach since its origins, now able to take into account macroscopic scale (societal and environmental) transformations? This contribution will expose how the analysis of the actual everyday work centered on the risky situations of mountain guides, coupled with an analysis of the dynamics of the macroscopic components of the system, contributes in taking into account these major changes in safety issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prevent MSDs, the case study of introduction of a restraint-free physical assistant robot, manipulated by operator allowed representations of different actors to be analysed. This analysis focuses on robot's contribution to MSDs prevention, robot's impact on production and operators needs for training. The methodology is based on the analysis of document tracing the project and on 12 semi-structured interviews. The results show that the robot's introduction was effected with a partial view of MSDs problem centered on a component of biomechanical dimension: grinding efforts. The robot's impact for production has been underestimated in terms of quantity and quality. Indeed, the management considered that expertise of the operators would be unchanged when using the robot while operators expressed a feeling of loss of quality. This study opens on the need to analyse professional gestures more carefully when introducing a physical assistant robot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to understand collective management of avalanche situations. This natural phenomenon can impact different structures (roads, buildings, ski resorts) and requires the coordination of the stakeholders involved to achieve the different objectives related to the management of the situation: prevention and security, reaction and rescue, etc. These activities are carried out in the supervision of an open and dynamic situation. The "dynamic" aspect results in changes in the situation depending on the actions carried out and the introduction of new elements. This article presents the results of 24 interviews conducted with actor involved in the prevention and management of avalanche situations and the representation of the associated crisis. We try to understand what are the factors that switch management from a "classic" avalanche situation to a crisis situation for all the stakeholders present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a circular industrial production mode is in line to the today's trend, as it's to save and reuse raw materials in order to limit the risk of resource depletion. Initiated across the Atlantic, remanufacturing is part of circular activities as a means of extending the useful life of a product. Based on a request on ergonomics competencies, we undertook a process of understanding the activity, in particular the regulations implemented by the operators from the study of the expertise, dissassembly and reassembly phases of the bogie remanufacturing in railway company. Our results show the important part of the collective activity, degrees of expertise of part potential in the activity, which contribute to performance in the activity. It appaers that the remanufacturing activity is characterized by regulations, aimed to diverting the original fonction of the part and allowing it to preserve its added value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific studies on deburring activity have underlined high prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). In the context of MSDs prevention, the company, in which this study is being conducted, explored a collaborative robots (cobot) solution to reduce biomechanical strain during deburring activity. Cobot designers argue their utilization by reducing biomechanical strain and by preserving the operator's expertise. In this context, a study on MSDs prevention was initiated to analyze the evolution of professional gestures of deburrers while they use the cobot. The first step of this study, which is the subject of this paper, focused on the analysis of their professional gestures during the activity of "manual deburring" (without cobot). The aim was to analyze how the different dimensions of professional gesture (biomechanical, cognitive, psychic and social) are involved in strategies developed by deburrers during their work activity without cobot. Using activity observations and interviews, the presented results reinforce the articulation of the biomechanical and the cognitive dimensions of professional gesture and deepen understanding of each of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very few studies in ergonomics have focused on small enterprises, their work organization practices and how they manage health issues. Our research aims to better understand their ways of organizing, the close relationship between managers and employees as well as their collective work. It takes place in traditional restaurants, a sector with a large number of small companies where many employees have health problems. The results show a strong participation of the owner-managers in the production, various resources used to reach efficiency and health objectives as well as an important daily mutual aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French mountain guides, with just over 1,700 professionals, are at the origin of a worrying accidentology, both from a human point of view and for the future of the profession. For more than 15 years, the two main institutions have tried to explore the bases of the profession to better imagine future transformations. In this paper, we will present the first results of a research aiming to better understand the real activity of mountain guides and their initial training. Mainly, we will see why and how this analysis of their activity allows us to query professional didactics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of the prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) model, together with the development of new technologies, leads to the evolution of these tools. Our thesis work on the design of a digital risk assessment tool for MSD enter is in this context. In order to participate in the development of a tool adapted to the actual situation on the ground, we felt it was essential to analyze the use made of these tools on an industrial assembly site for industrial vehicles. This paper thus exposes the use of tools in two situations of use, in an industrial context strongly linked to lean manufacturing. We show that it is essential for the next tools of assessment of the risk of MSD to allow a true view on the activity, and also that the question of the use of the tools of evaluation questions the collective of work, the role of the ergonomist alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the French companies are micro and small enterprises (MSEs), with fewer than 50 employees. They play an important role in the economy and employ about half of the French workforce. However, the literature highlights a set of factors that increase the occupational risks faced by employees in MSEs. This study investigates this issue by analyzing the national context and identifying the determinants for improving occupational safety and health in MSEs. In France, the risk assessment document is mandatory and seems to be a basis of a prevention approach. It is however little used to plan concrete preventive actions in practice, due to lack of time, skills or financial resources. This paper questions the supporting role of ergonomists in a participative risk prevention approach in MSEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restructuring a building in occupied site means to manage in the same space-time: production continuity and various transformations. To combine these projects, it is necessary to anticipate the "transient organization". Though, few researches have been leading in this regard. What is a "transient organization", which characteristics, and design modalities? This paper aims to shed the light on these questions from literature and experience in a retirement home. In a constructivist approach, the transient organization is set as a spatiotemporal combining between existing, future, temporary, and sustainable component. This work would depend on strategic capability of anticipation, coordination of transient resources, and reflexive experiment. These strategies should help to limit construction work impacts on activity and facilitate the transition to future organization and building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the exploratory analysis of the establishment of Lean manufacturing in the assembly department of an industry in the metalworking field, we decided to analyze the functioning of a Kaizen event, a continuous improvement method supported by the Lean philosophy. We designed a model based on literature that helps us question the health and performance articulation of Lean organizations. To collect real work activity data of the Kaizen event, we participated and observed during the event, than we undertook some auto-confrontations of the Kaizen attendees. The data analysis helped us to conclude that the Kaizen event observed did not have all the factors required, according to our model, to articulate health and performance. Therefore, it seems judicious that the ergonomist helps with the development of a Kaizen methodology, by including concepts and methods of work activity analysis, in order that the future work situations articulate health and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a need for a better understanding of organizational supervisors' activity and its effects for the conception of operators' work situations. A method based on the regulations of critical situations by two supervisors and their effects on operators' work environment was implemented. The objective of this article is to describe this method, its results and to identify the advantages and limits. The choice of a method based on critical situation is discussed. Moreover, useful conditions for a better interpretation of the qualitative relation between supervisors' activity and health of their operators are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serious accidents, which occurred in France in road tunnels in the 2000's, have revealed specific risks related to tunnels, along with safety management issues.The lessons learned analyses are one resource used by tunnel operators to improve safety. How these processes are linked to the actual safety management practices? The conception of a process that takes into account these practices in order to improve collective and organizational capacities will also be focused on. Based on concrete examples we will show that debates about practices based on event simulation lead to improve safety rules and knowledgefrom a professional and inter-professional point of view, as well as collective efficiency. We also shall see how getting involved in designing debate spaces means for the ergonomist contributing to developments of ergonomics intervention methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of an intervention to prevent occupational hazards depends on several factors including the mobilization of internal stakeholders in the business. The objective of this paper is to show what strategies are used by a worker to contribute to the mobilization of stakeholders when deploying a preventive approach. For this reason, we followed the intervention of an occupational psychologist deploying a preventive approach called ORSOSA (Organization of Care and Health caregivers) in three care services. This longitudinal study is based on a qualitative approach (diaries, observations, interviews). The analysis of our data identifies five mains strategies used by the practitioner, which vary depending on the context and stakeholders, to promote the mobilization of these stakeholders in risk prevention approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current tools for assessing the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) remain generally far enrolled in a biomechanical approach, although some of them propose changes towards greater consideration of multiple risk factors. This trend seems accentuated in emerging digital tools risk assessment MSDs focusing on the live motion capture and associated difficulties, they do not integrate the knowledge established by the scientific literature ( international consensus around a model bio -psycho -social MSD ). Our thesis proposes the study of conditions for integration of a bio-psycho- social approach to MSDs, based on the ergonomics of the activity, for the design of a digital tool for multifactorial risk assessment TMS in the industrial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lean manufacturing is a way to organize production essentially created to improve industrial performance that is still far from taking real-work activity into consideration. Several study results have pointed out undesirable health effects of lean. The aim of this paper is to focus on the state of advance of the research about the link between lean, health and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restructuring a building in occupied site often means to renovate old facilities, build new ones, modify the organization and intervene on a sensitive work or life place. The obligation to maintain activities and performance during the transformations, may raise difficulties in the construction work and in the provisional use of the building. Today, few knowledge and interventions has been product around this question. The intervention-search reported here aims to develop a support approach of these transitions in order to anticipate the disturbance, to define and adjust the temporary organization, to prepare the teams to multivariate changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of nanomaterials is today a major technological innovation in all business sectors. These new materials have important scientific and economic issues and ask questions about their effects on health and the environment. This paper describes the ergonomic intervention performed on a technology transfer platform as part of the construction of a risk prevention approach to nanomaterials. We wish to question the discussion areas about work as a prevention tool that enable the transformation of risk representations among workers and the collective production of rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature on nursing staff describes an international scale of unrest. Several prevention measures have been implemented to maintain nurses in employment. Preventive approaches of the primary type acting directly on the work organization have a more effective and lasting impact on the workplace. It is necessary to allow the internal stakeholders of a company to construct socially occupational risk prevention by mobilizing them during the deployment of the approach. This communication aims to assemble the conditions to mobilize stakeholders during the deployment of a preventive approach. To do this, we enquired into the deployment of a primary prevention approach in three hospitals, performed by a practitioner. Our results show that the implementation of such an approach is dependent on how the stakeholders (direction of care, human resources management, occupational medicine, health executive, senior executive, doctor of unity, nurses ...) appropriate it, linking it with individual and collective practices, but also with the organizational context. Several conditions for the mobilization of stakeholders will be discussed in terms of the effectiveness of the ergonomic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conference Proceedings of the Société d'Ergonomie de Langue Française (SELF) is the property of Societe d'Ergonomie de Langue Francaise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conference Proceedings of the Société d'Ergonomie de Langue Française (SELF) is the property of Societe d'Ergonomie de Langue Francaise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conference Proceedings of the Société d'Ergonomie de Langue Française (SELF) is the property of Societe d'Ergonomie de Langue Francaise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Conference Proceedings of the Société d'Ergonomie de Langue Française (SELF) is the property of Societe d'Ergonomie de Langue Francaise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Serious accidents, which occurred in France in road tunnels in the 2000's, have revealed specific risks related to tunnels, along with safety management issues. The lessons learned analyses are one resource used by tunnel operators to improve safety. How these processes are linked to the actual collective safety management practices? The conception of a process that takes into account these practices in order to improve individual, collective and organizational capacities will also be focused on. We will show, based on concrete examples, that a procedure of participative conception based on debates about practices between different professions, and also based on an organizational simulation lead us to devise an integrated 'lessons learned process'. We will also see that this process allowed the development of the reflexive skills of the involved professionals, and that it contributed to the improvement and the evolution of a collective safety management from a professional and inter-professional point of view, as well as to the development of work groups [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on nurses and nurse's aide described discomfort of international stature. This article aims to present the deployment of a primary prevention approach (called ORSOSA) in three health establishments, which are observed in the context of a thesis in ergonomics. We observe that the implementation of such an approach depends on how actors ( management of care, direction of human resources departments, occupational health, environment and medical units , nurses, ... ) are living on the part within their practices ( individual and collective ), and within the institutional policy in progress. We are interested in the concept of social construction of complex risks prevention (RPS, TMS) and invariants for the mobilization of actors to health facilities. The main results suggest that the establishment of such an approach develops individual and collective capacities of actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to show that the design of organizational structure can be enhanced through debates about work among profession-specific collectives and through the development of relations between several professions. We are carrying out several ergonomic interventions in projects with multidisciplinary teams working in occupational health departments. We shall present three cases of intervention of occupational health departments. The intervention-related difficulties encountered during organizational design projects based on collective activity lead us to question future methodologies, notably according to participatory approach and organizational simulation in context with constraints and rules of occupational health. The lack of collective work and difficulties of interaction between several professions and the activity of directors were underestimated in the process of intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By crossing the approaches carried out about MSD and psychosocial factors, the third francophone conference of the research group on MSD extended the view on the conditions for a comprehensive approach to prevention. Multidisciplinarity seems to be a first condition to strengthen. It should be conceived as a plural organization of the prevention, taking into account the overall relations between the different actors involved. It is also achieved by the strengthening of multidisciplinary relationship between researchers and practitioners and the development of collaborative partnership with businesses, institutions and unions. Aspects of method constitute the second condition. To treat occupational health without restricting the analysis and solutions is a challenge. Stakeholders use tools that revolve with a more holistic approach and take the shape of real device mobilizing stakeholders. Lastly, the status of qualitative analysis and controversy is emphasized to develop quality prevention approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on two examples, this oral communication aims to illustrate how preliminary investigations in ergonomics can contribute to changing stakeholders' preconceptions and lead to integrating sex and gender considerations. The first activity analysis example shows occupational physicians managing MSD prevention with injured workers. The second example concerns an ergonomic intervention carried out to develop OHS learning tools aimed at preventing occupational injuries among apprentices enrolled in a vocational training for semiskilled trades. In the first example, sex/gender issues emerged during the preliminary data collection stage while in the second example, these questions were pre-existing. In both cases, these sex/gender concerns held by researchers enabled stakeholders to revisit their views on health, work and personal life paths to promote equal injury prevention for both genders. This presentation emphasizes the importance of unveiling situations revealing the ergonomist's complementary skillset in advocating greater equity and social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]