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This paper focuses on the activity of the operators of the accommodation department of a hospital for dependent elderly people (EHPAD), i.e. two teams of 12 hotel service agents (ASH) and two linger agents. Several problems were observed among these agents: difficulties in carrying out the tasks prescribed to them within the allotted time; an increase in joint pain (MSD); and the feeling of not being able to provide quality work. Based on detailed observations of the activity of lingers and ASHs, this paper aims to illustrate the way in which operators organise their working days, with a triple objective: to carry out their prescribed tasks within the allotted time; to provide quality work; and to preserve themselves physically. The results showed that, even when their work situation is very constrained, the agents' power to act enables them to implement regulation strategies aimed at freeing up a temporal space for manoeuvre. This "freed" time contributes to the achievement of their objectives, but also to the anticipation of their future activity and the management of unforeseeable events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous reflections and white papers were produced about "new" artificial intelligence (AI) systems but with little empirical data about their usefulness and consequences in the context of professional activities. Drawing on the perspective of stakeholders, the objective of this paper is to provide empirical data about the potential benefits and risks of AI in work situations and the transformations they can bring about. This exploratory study is based on a qualitative methodology combining 15 semi-directive interviews and open observations conducted during discussion lectures and workshops on AI. If the first results show that the majority of participants consider AI as a tool to help humans, they also highlight a gap between the AI functionality proposed or imagined by designers and the participants' real needs. They also express some fears that echo the problems of automation wellstudied in the field of ergonomics. These results invite us to reflect on how the ergonomic approach can investigate these questions about the place of AI in work situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an MSD (musculoskeletal disorders) prevention approach, a company undertook to automate an activity in which the equipment was deemed harmful for the upper limbs. The company asked for some ergonomists to consult on the ongoing project. The analysis of activity performed by the ergonomists revealed that many parameters have not been taken into account in the initial plan. Also they would have had some impact on joint and muscle loads, as well as on manufacturing processes and work organization. We suggested, as the company needs to rethink the project, to assist them in drawing up operational specifications to the new machine. A participatory approach was set up and allowed to define the needs related to the future machine. The analysis of activity was a powerful tool for thinking through the project again. The aim of this paper is to present how the ergonomists' analysis of activity led the executive board to redefine the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Handling psychosocial risks has been part of human factors scope for a dozen years. A participative and multidisciplinary approach was implemented these past 15 years in the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre, initially around the issue of stress at work, then around violence at work to focus today on psychosocial risks. Using complementary techniques (interviews, questionnaires, focus groups) allowed deepening the investigations in involving staff according to their concerns. Topics like recognition at work, sense at work are envisaged through an innovative approach around the concept of implicit psychological contract in the employment relationship. Similarly to the difference between the prescribed task and actual activity, the clarification of the gap between the expectations of employees vis-à-vis the organization (and reciprocally) appears as one of the keys to address psychosocial risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper traces the linked evolution of tools and work organization from the first stone tools to digital technologies. Work organization moved from craftsmen-type work linked to local resources and producing a finished (master)work, to industrial manufacture and now a global network. In the move, organization first controlled the time of work, to allow coordinated activities in the factory, then controlled work gestures through the Taylorian principles and finally digitally controls the information available to the worker and produced by its activity. Information technologies change both the way the worker acts on matter or information, and the cognitive landscape in which the activity develops. We analyze software and networks as work tools impacting control and heteronomy, as well as professional relations and the recognition of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This communication provides a feedback on an ergonomic intervention carried out for 3 months in a reception centre specialised in the management of psychotic patients. It highlights the job of Personal Support Assistant, a profession aimed at rehabilitating residents to their daily lives through socio-educative support. The background of our study shows high turnover and absenteeism, understaffing, and significant use of individual contractors. Based on different analysis of activity carried out in this structure, the study presents the impacts of its organisational axis on the activity of workers, on the potential risks for their health, and on the "quality" of the socio-educative support offered. The results show that the use of individual contractors as an alternative can sometimes be more restrictive, bringing complexity in the daily work and its organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on our master's degree state of the art, we have decided to go further into the subject of ergonomics in man/machine interface conception projects, as several questions arose. In 2019, digital transition can be found in any topic. Some companies passed major steps on reducing or even suppressing paper. Smartphones and apps profusion arises questions about the balance between personal and working lifes. This literature review points out the importance of considering the working organization in digital tools development, specially for smartphones' apps and presents different methods to do so. Discussion opens on the observation that, from a societal point of view, alarming signs appear about energy overconsumption from digital tools. As a systemic field, what should be the limit for ergonomics in analyzing the socioeconomic world, considering that any activity and consequently intervention comes within its scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the question of prescribed lies at work, the data relate to research performed in work situations where the modalities of work organization and individual performance evaluation are responsible for the emergence of behaviors and strategies where lying is part of the job. Implications for workers' health as well as broader issues such as the consequences for culture are discussed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, with the acceleration of the digital transformation and the development of new forms of communications technology, this is the customers' behavior that is vector of the transformation in the service relationship. Faced with these changes in customers' behavior, firmes are implementing new organizational, technological adaptations. The situation of Banks is symptomatic of such developments. Under the effect of the combination of these various changes, the work of employees is changing. Faced with these changes, operators are subject to new constraints with consequences both terms of health and performance. Therefore, these transformations require rethinking the design of organizations and to debate about the subject of quality of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Training managers to and by analysis and discussion of work is a major issue for organizations, to take up the challenges of today and tomorrow. Indeed, it represents a major lever for placing real work at the heart of management and organization. We analyzed an innovative contribution in this area, the university diploma in alternative management proposed by Univ. of Picardie (France). Focusing on manager training as a research topic, we described pedagogical methods and proposed an early picture of ensued effects based on the analysis of training and support situations. It provides researchers with further insight into how manager training can contribute to real work revalorization, by considering: 1/focusing on real work issues; 2/generating a change in representations, and not only bringing tools and techniques; and 3/ promoting the transfer of knowledge and skills on the job. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human origins and psychosocial risk factors in contemporary work organization The paper presents a theoretical approach linking anthropology and the development of psychosocial risks in the neo-Taylorist organisation of work. Based on current anthroplogical research on the origins of sociality, language and the sense of equity, we argue that contemporary organisation of work contradicts deeply engraved and archaic behavioral traits selected for during the course of human evolution. The current emergence of psychosocial risks could be related, at least partly, to a fundamental frustration due to the depreciation of the body at work, the loss of control of workers on their productive output, and the absence of dispute on the nature and quality of work, denying to man its unity as a biological, psychological and social system involved as a whole in work activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This communication is based on a research action in a major French logistics company. The Compagny requested us for understanding a constant high absenteeism's gap between men and women. In this compagny, there is a policy of professional equality, employees have similar careers except for the glass ceiling. In order to understand this gap, we used a methodology of « diagnostic photo » to highlight exposures that women may face in a same job title. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the world of evolving work, ergonomics tries to adapt itself to propose adapted methods. Work analysis is thus methodologically adjusted to meet the real and changing demands. We can see emerging, beside activity analysis, new objects studies by ergonomics, as emotions at work. Through a research-intervention led in a home healthcare center, we show the interest to analyze emotions in the workplace. We also present a specific methodology to study them. In addition, we bring a methodological reflection around the question of adaptation of ergonomie analysis and intervention methods, by insisting on the necessary of opening the field to new or emergent objects belonging to the emotional domain of the activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our communication, based on an ongoing research - action in a large company, demonstrates how the " real work " of technicians and the managers could be mobilized in order to answer concerns about health and safety. The proposed layout allowed to conduct an investigation in clinic of work on the job of technicians and managers, while proposing reflexive working spaces to a group of health and safety professionals, a group of executives and a mixed group standing as a steering committee. It appears that consideration must be brought upon the resources necessary to the trade, such as the subjective mobilization or the deliberative and cooperative capacities. This conducts to evolutions of the frames of regulation and management in order to welcome the development of these resources on which performance should be based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paperis to present IWA (Individual -- Xorkload -- Acivity) and evaluation questionnaire elaborated from this model. This model was elaborated with an integrative approach conceiving mental workload as result of interaction between activity, execution context and individual (physiological, cognitive, social, affective) characteristics. However, mental workload is composed by three dimensions determinated by activity parameters (intrinsic load), execution context (external load) and cost represented by regulation strategies establishment (germane load). Thus, this questionnaire is constituted by four dimensions: intrinsic load, external load, germane load and resources available. Results obtained on 398 participants show that intrinsic and external loads have a negative relationship with work satisfaction, and that resources available and germane load have a positive relationship with it. These results allow to validate IWA model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During interventions, the question of « performance » represents a major determining factor for decisions concerning organisation and directives. However, there is no critical reflexion on the subject and it is not included in the transformational actions of the ergonomist. Due to the current intensity of the contradictions between the logics of productivity and the logics of real work, we are compelled to discuss the definition of "performance", implicit models of productivity and the place work occupies. The Functional and Cooperative Economy (FCE) model offers a conceptual framework to understand the limits of the dominant model, based on the industrial heritage and updated by the new managerial approaches, as well as the contradictions within the current dynamics of productive work. It also makes it possible to conceive another definition of performance, more appropriate to current productivity and work issues. Ergonomics can endorse this in order to assert its approach of real work and to renew its commitment to an emancipating conception of work. When ergonomists meddle in performance issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to identify patterns of work organization characteristics using data from epidemiological surveillance program of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) implemented in the Pays de la Loire region between 2002 and 2005. A total of 3710 workers were included and completed a administered questionnaire including 16 organizational variables. Ascendant hierarchical clustering (AHC) of organizational variables and AHC of workers had identified five patterns of work organization characteristics: technical constraints and weak decision latitude; internal/external demand and mean decision latitude; weak pace constraints and mean decision latitude; internal/external demand and high decision latitude; weak pace constraints and high decision latitude. Relationships with MSD diagnosed by occupational physicians were then studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops a part of our doctoral research focusing on the issue of "real quality of work" in a multidimensional approach. The research is based on the ergonomic analysis of cleaning activities, in a company specialized in the cleaning of aircrafts, located at the Parisian Orly Airport. This article first exposes the research question and the methodology used to grasp the different dimensions of quality: prescribed quality, quality from the individual's point of view, quality defined collectively and quality expected by the beneficiaries. Then, some examples from our research lead to examine the state of tension between these different quality criteria, and how the operators react to this tension. The paper concludes with thoughts on the potential relationship between real quality and operator's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present the approach developed within the Operating Department at SNCF to provide the decision support elements for the design of future central control rooms' organisations of the rail network (CCR). This approach consists tofacilitate the decision making process regarding the choice of organisations to be implemented in the framework of the project of centralized network control. It aims to define, for future CCR rooms, an appropriate organisation to manage the under load and overload situations, in order to ensure employee health and system performance regarding traffic safety or regularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The context of outsourcing can weaken the team collective resources and can reconfigure them. Our aims are (1) to identify how in the context of outsourcing a supervisor can promote collective regulations in the boxes operators' activity (2) to determine whether he promotes or implements himself regulations within employees (operators and/or supervisors) of the client company. Two case studies are being conducted in the area of meat cutting. They cover an analysis of the activity of two contractors supervisors, and involve observations and self-confrontation. The results describe two contrasting situations in the way of these supervisors support or not team collective regulations, depending on the context. Collective regulations between contractors supervisors and supervisors of the client company, which can be helpful in achieving health and performance of subcontractors, are updated. They point to research perspectives on collective peers including contractors and client company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, in Quebec, lean management have been implemented in the industry and also in the services. If this system is performance, depending on the ways in which it is implemented, it does not always preserve the health of employees. How union actors involved in these lean projects? Do they arrive to contribute to the building of enabling organizations through these projects? Our research investigated retrospectively 5 lean projects to identify brakes and levers. Of these, at the business organization level and the production and work organization level, we find: Share the same representation of what makes a successful project, make constructive discussion in paritarian board, have knowledge about the lean, get involved, lead teams, being available and finally, get beyond the categories imposed by the definition of waste lean. This is how unions can play a role in the implementation of Lean projects in a health and performance goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of an intervention conducted to maintain the employability of employees with disability. After presenting the context and the issue of the intervention, a discussion is conducted on the slopes of recommendation could be implemented to pass an adaptation of human at work, by defining disability to adapt work to human. In the latter case, it appears that the issue of disability management lies upstream of their appearance, especially in the identification of occupational risk factors that contribute to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interprofessional national agreement signed by several labor unions, of which Cfdt, allows to spread in the board meetings of the companies and to improve the governance of company. The federation Cfdt mines metal industry produced in 2012 a notebook "transformations of the work and the social dialog, to improve the quality of life in the work with the employees" which underlies a labor-union approach of closeness to tackle the questions of the work. These first reflections and actions lead us to make the link between the questions of the work, such which are at present approached by the ergonomics, but also certain currents of the sociology and the occupational psychology and the concept which we propose of democracy of company, which articulates the power to act employees, and proactive and pragmatic labor-union approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of economic and competitiveness matters, companies are henceforth involved in a process of rationalization (either intentional or imposed) which alters the organization of work and particularly the work of both management and operators. As part of its mission of public service, the Regional Organization for the Improvement of Working Conditions in Acquitaine (ARACT) encourages companies to consider health at work as a stake of performance. Therefore, the ergonomist has recourse to different approaches, through companies, territories or sectors. In order for those initiatives to be sustainable, it is necessary to consider two different levels of action: mobilization of decision-makers and their rooms for maneuver, and transfer of knowledge and skills in ergonomics. However, economic changes do not favor such initiatives. Based on concrete cases (completed or still in progress), we will illustrate some of our ergonomic practices on those two particular levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of risks management, the concept of preparing a working activity appears more and more in a lot of studies especially if focused on organizational aspects. The observation was made that the concept refers to several different meanings which needed to be clarified. The first part of this paper proposes to examine the definitions corresponding to each sense of the word when it comes to preparing a work activity, namely: training, planning, development and testing, and operational warm-up. The second time is devoted to the operational warm-up and associated actions, based on application examples, including in CEA. Finally, the third step provides a discussion of interests and points to go further on operational warm-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various studies highlight many benefits associated with the use of performance indicators. However, other studies highlight the negative effects that these indicators can have on workers' performance and wellbeing in the workplace. To understand and resolve this apparent contradiction, a review of literature has been conducted (economics, management science, psychology, ergonomics). This review allowed us to confront various standards and recommendations on the definition and use of performance indicators to the reality of occupational practices. This confrontation led to identify a number of conditions conducive to their positive effects and other conditions conducive to their adverse effects. Based on this analysis, a set of recommendations are proposed to minimize the negative impact of performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health at work, working conditions, psychosocial dimensions in local governments still have to be researched. Conseil Général de la Seine Saint Denis offers a true preventive and curative approach. This multidisciplinary approach requires professionals that work on both collective and individual dimensions. This paper focuses on the first results and the first analyses. A research - action has been going on for two years, in order to underline the best approaches concerning local governments. The real working activity has to be analysed. Nevertheless, the ergonomic activity approach needs other fields to be efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) prevention, the line management is described as an actor target in particular because of his role in the organization of the work of the operators. In a context of development of the internal subcontracting, the place that the questions of health in the work can set in the activity of the close supervision subcontractor is questioned. This type of organization could modify others "classic" postures of the close supervision such as " intermediate between the upstream and the downstream ", "decision-maker" and thus towards arguments in favor of the absence of consideration of health issues. Nevertheless, the first data collected with a close supervisor contractor show close articulation between the performance and the health. It would pass by the implication of the close supervisor for the emergence of a collective labor and by his personal implication in the local production activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the activity is a core concept in Ergonomics. Based on two studies that were investigating the contribution of work activity analysis to the work transformation process, this communication shows how the gender perspective became an essential concern to integrate in the activity analysis. One of these studies is a research-intervention project in Ergonomics and was conducted in the seafood processing sector in Canada. The second study is in the field of work psychology and has been carried out in the public transport sector in France and in Switzerland. By their complementary questions, these two studies show the relevance of integrating a gender perspective to the activity analysis for the overall understanding of the work situation and for the development of an intervention strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]