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The paper presents the aim and objectives of modernizing the energy system of current buildings as well as of designing and executing new buildings with a high Energy and Environmental Performance. It is necessary to refer to the European Strategy (Europe 2020) and to the European Directives, transposed into the national legislation, while the technical and economic solutions to the objectives resulting from the above mentioned purpose complete the dimension of the logical structure of this procedure for reaching the objectives. The economic and especially social importance of comfortable and hygienic living conditions, without excessive costs and without affecting the climate also stems from the climate impact on the current living conditions and use of energy sources. The summer of 2003 had a tragic aftermath at the European and international level, consisting in over 40000 victims of the heat wave and of the buildings' incapacity to adapt to extremes such as exceptionally intense climate hazards. This highlighted the vulnerability of the built environment compared to climate hazards characterized through an ascending evolution, Romania included. The system of quantitative assessment of the building's Energy and Environmental Performance, part of the procedure for Energy and Environmental Configuration, entails separate expertise and diagnosis phases which allow elaborating scenarios and strategies for energy modernization. The modernization scenarios are elaborated based on the diagnosis of the building, scenarios differentiated through technical and economic indicators. Scenarios allow the modernization strategy to be elaborated. The energy modernization strategy / designing of new, energy performance buildings is based on the Energy Configuration of Buildings which is the detailed modelling of ownership transfer processes and the assessment of economic efficiency of design / exploitation solutions. The calculation methods are subject to validation and sensitivity analysis. The paper presents a case study starting from a condominium in Bucharest, built in 2010. The process was followed starting with the Building's Certification in its current status (falling under the D energy class, mediocre) and ended with the transformation, by means of energy compliance, into a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]