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In the presence of stiction, the control valves may present an oscillatory behaviour that affects the regulatory control performance, thereby causing a loss of product quality and increasing energy consumption. Detection of stiction in the early phase is a crucial key for process control to avoid major disruptions to the plant operations. In this paper, a novel technique based on a well-developed fuzzy clustering approach is proposed. Based on a dramatic change of the slope of the lines obtained from successive cluster centres in the presence of stiction, a new performance index to distinguish the cause of oscillation is proposed. The simulation, experimental and industrial results are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The paper focuses on investigating thermal-transients effects, associated to intermittent use of internal combustion engine (ICE), on fuel economy and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of series hybrid solar vehicles (HSVs). An offline, non-linear constrained optimization is set-up to individuate the ICE power trajectory that simultaneously minimizes fuel consumption, suitably operates the battery and fully exploits daily solar contribution. The results highlight the importance of including thermal transients in HSV energy management. The combined effects of engine, generator and battery losses, along with cranking energy and thermal transients, produce non-trivial solutions for the engine/generator group, which should not necessarily operate at its maximum efficiency. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]