Search

The constant-temperature θ(t) thermal decay discriminates the performance of the quasisolid water from that of the saturated NaCl supersolid solution, unveiling the respective O:H–O bond relaxation dynamics. [Display omitted] • O:H–O bond specific-heats disparity entitles the quasisolidity of negative thermal expansivity. • The H–O contracts ∼10 % in the supersolid phase owing to electrification and undercoordination. • Polarization drives the supersolid phase with the ω H shifting from 3200 to 3450 cm−1. • The viscoelastic, hydrophobic supersolid is less dense, more thermally diffusive, and stabler. This work features the recent findings of the quasisolid (QS, or quasi-liquid) in the temperature domain and supersolid due to electric polarization or molecular undercoordination, which are beyond the scope of the P-T phase diagram. The cooperativity of the coupling O:H–O bond in its segmental length, energy, specific heat, and associated polarization derive these abnormal phases. The specific-heat disparity defines structure phases varying from XI to Vapor and mass density evolution under ambient pressure. Possessing negative thermal expansivity (NTE), the QS phase transfers the liquid to the solid phase, which fosters ice buoyancy. The supersolid phase presents in the skin of water, ice, and droplets, and the ionic hydration cells and volumetric water with a current flow or under ∼106 eV/cm electric bias. The H–O bond of the supersolid phase is 8 ∼ 10 % shorter and vibrating at frequencies 7.3 % higher than that of the standard pristine water (0.1 nm in length and 3250 cm−1 in frequency). The supersolid has extraordinary elasticity, mechanical strength, optical reflectivity, structure order, thermal stability and diffusivity, catalytic capability, and chemical reactivity but 25 % lower mass density. The gel-like supersolidity endows ice and water with high hydrophobicity, viscoelasticity, catalytic and hydro-voltaic capability, and thermal diffusivity. The H–O bond contracts and absorbs energy during the Liquid-QS-Ice phase transition while doing contrastingly in the supersolid phase of the saturated NaCl solution under 254 K temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hydration dissolves an organic trunk into molecular dipoles wrapped with lone pairs and protons. • Solute interacts with solvent via O:H attraction, H ↔ H and O:⇔:O repulsion, with polarization. • Polarization shortens and stiffens the H-O but the O:H responses to polarization contrastingly. • Repulsion disrupts the bonding network and surface stress by fragmentation of the solution. Interaction between an organic molecular solute and its hydrating H 2 O molecules is of great importance to processes varying from cryopreservation, denaturation of protein and DNA, and drug-cell interaction, to chemical, healthcare, and food and pharmaceutical sciences and technologies. However, the nature and functionality of the interfacial states, at the sub-molecular level, are particularly poorly known. On the views of solvation charge injection, electronic polarization, and bonding network disruption, we show experimental evidence for the interfacial supersolidity and its functionality on the performance of solutions. The asymmetrically distributed lone pairs and protons of the molecular solute interact with their unlike or alike of its hydrating H 2 O molecules to initiate the O:H attraction, H ↔ H repulsion or O:⇔:O compression associated with the molecule dipolar polarization, and solute–solute repulsion, without involvement of charge sharing or regular bond formation. Polarization lengthens the hydrating O:H and shortens the H-O, and repulsion does however the partitioned O:H-O bond contrastingly, which not only enriches the THz phonons but also results in the interfacial supersolidity characterized at H-O oscillating frequency ∼3450 cm−1. Solvation investigation of acids, alcohols, aldehydes, glycines, and sugars confirmed the prediction of the interfacial supersolidity and estimation of hydration cell size and the involvement of solute–solute repulsion. The solute dipolar polarizability distorts and the interfacial H ↔ H or O:⇔:O repulsivity disrupts the hydrogen bonding network. The bond relaxation, polarization, structure distortion, and network disruption modulate the hydrophilicity, surface stress, solubility, and solution viscosity. Findings not only improve the comprehension of the dynamics of molecular hydration and the functionality of the solutions but also offer efficient spectral means for identification and quantification of the interfacial hydration cell size and its supersolidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]