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[Display omitted] • Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have gained substantial interest to catalyse water splitting reaction. • Iron and nickel based TMNs are considered as ideal electrocatalysts because of the abundance, low cost, and high catalytic activity. • Single phase TMNs have unsatisfactory performance due to inadequate M−H/M−OH bond strength. • Recent developments pertaining to Fe and Ni-based TMNs are presented for electrochemical water splitting. Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have gained substantial interest to generate hydrogen from direct dissociation of water via catalytic strategy. Due to the unique noble metal like structure, high electric conductivity, corrosion resistance, broad pH stability and probable structural modifications TMNs are gauged as efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and overall water splitting (OWS) electrocatalysts. Iron and nickel based TMNs are considered as ideal electrocatalysts because of the abundance, low cost and high catalytic activity as compared to the expensive benchmark catalysts. However, the single phase TMNs have unsatisfactory performance due to inadequate M−H/M−OH bond strength. Most researchers have focused in designing advanced heterostructures by doping other metals, metallic compounds, and conductive substrates to improve catalytic performance due to the tailored electronic structure to modify M−H/M−OH bond strength, boost electrochemical stability and synergistic effects. In this review, we highlight the recent developments pertaining to Fe and Ni-based TMNs from the stance of advanced nanoarchitecture electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting. The key challenges and future perspectives confronting expansion of water splitting catalysts are critiqued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]