20 results on '"Robert D. Morgan"'
Search Results
2. Therapeutic Outcomes of Changing Lives and Changing Outcomes for Male and Female Justice Involved Persons with Mental Illness
- Author
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Lexie Brown, Monika Gaspar, Taylor Ramler, Kim Ridley, Robert D. Morgan, Faith Scanlon, and Gregory Gigax
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,05 social sciences ,Mental illness ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,050501 criminology ,medicine ,Justice (ethics) ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Law ,General Psychology ,0505 law ,Criminal justice - Abstract
Changing Lives and Changing Outcomes (CLCO) was developed to address the unique treatment needs of individuals with co-occurring mental illness and criminogenic risk. Previous evaluations of CLCO demonstrated effectiveness for male participants, but did not examine treatment effectiveness across participant sex. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine differences in treatment outcomes among male and female probationers receiving CLCO. Participants were assessed pre- and posttreatment. Results indicated positive treatment effects across both psychiatric and criminogenic domains, including psychiatric symptomology and global mental health functioning, medication adherence, attitudes toward mental illness recovery, and antisocial cognitions. Female participants demonstrated enhanced treatment responsiveness relative to males across several domains. This study underscores the effectiveness of the program in addressing both mental health and criminogenic needs in correctional populations, while highlighting the differential impact of the program across participant sex. Implications, future directions, and limitations of the present study are discussed.
- Published
- 2019
3. Criminal Thinking, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Recovery Attitudes Among Community Mental Health Patients: An Examination of Program Placement
- Author
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Stephanie A. Van Horn, Nicole R. Bartholomew, Robert D. Morgan, and Sean M. Mitchell
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Assertive community treatment ,05 social sciences ,Negative association ,Mental illness ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,030227 psychiatry ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,050501 criminology ,medicine ,Association (psychology) ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,Law ,General Psychology ,0505 law ,Criminal justice ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Research suggests it is important to consider criminogenic needs among individuals with severe mental illness. This study aimed to determine the severity of criminal thinking in community-based clinical samples, understand the association between criminal thinking and psychiatric and criminal justice outcomes, and compare these associations between consumers enrolled in Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) and Forensic Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) programs. Participants ( N = 234) were male and female consumers enrolled in ACT and FACT programs in five states. Results revealed no significant differences in criminal thinking when comparing participants by program type or history of criminal justice involvement. There were significant positive relations between general criminal thinking and psychiatric symptomatology and the number of lifetime arrests, a negative association between recovery attitudes and general criminal thinking, and ACT participants reported a greater number of lifetime psychiatric hospitalizations than FACT participants. Result implications are discussed with specific reference to treatment programming.
- Published
- 2017
4. A Preliminary Investigation of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles–Layperson Edition–Short Form
- Author
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Sean M. Mitchell, Nicole R. Bartholomew, Robert D. Morgan, and Kelly C. Cukrowicz
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Layperson ,Psychometrics ,05 social sciences ,050501 criminology ,Psychology ,Criminal behavior ,Law ,Social psychology ,General Psychology ,0505 law ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Cognitive style - Abstract
The Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) is commonly used to assess criminal thinking (thoughts related to criminal behavior); however, the item wording may not be an appropriate assessment for individuals without a criminal history (laypersons) who still may be at risk of engaging in crime. Therefore, a layperson version of the PICTS may more accurately assess criminal thinking among this group. This study examined the psychometric properties of the PICTS–Layperson–Short Form (PICTS-L-SF). Participants were 619 college students without a criminal justice involvement history. Analyses of the PICTS-L-SF indicated that a bifactor model fit the data better than a one- and two-factor model (general criminal thinking; proactive and reactive criminal thinking). Results provide strong evidence for the reliability and validity of the PICTS-L-SF, suggesting it can be used with individuals who are not criminal justice involved to assess criminal thinking.
- Published
- 2017
5. Editor’s Note
- Author
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Robert D. Morgan
- Subjects
Law ,General Psychology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Published
- 2018
6. Editor’s Note
- Author
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Robert D. Morgan
- Subjects
Law ,General Psychology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Published
- 2017
7. Criminal Thinking
- Author
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Robert D. Morgan, Claudia Porras, Danielle Murray, Ashley B. Batastini, and Catherine Serna
- Subjects
Injury control ,Process (engineering) ,Accident prevention ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,Situational ethics ,Psychology ,Law ,Social psychology ,General Psychology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
This research examined whether levels of criminal thinking are fixed or fluid across situational contexts. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that criminal thinking and antisocial attitudes would increase with greater proximity to a criminal act. Results of Study 1 revealed no significant group differences on measures of criminal thinking and attitudes between college students who were asked to plan what they believed to be a criminal act and those who viewed a movie clip depicting a criminal act. Inmates in Study 2 completed the same outcome measures as participants in Study 1; however, prior to post-assessment, those in the experimental group were instructed to recall a prior crime, whereas the control group completed post-assessments under normal testing conditions. Results of Study 2 were generally consistent with Study 1. Additional research is needed to understand the nature of criminal cognitions over time and their susceptibility to various environmental factors.
- Published
- 2015
8. Treating Justice Involved Persons with Mental Illness
- Author
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Jeremy F. Mills, Rebecca L. Bauer, Daryl G. Kroner, Catherine Serna, and Robert D. Morgan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychotherapist ,medicine ,Justice (ethics) ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Mental illness ,medicine.disease ,Law ,Mental health ,General Psychology ,Comprehensive treatment program ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
In this article, we present the results of a preliminary evaluation of a comprehensive treatment program specifically designed to treat co-occurring issues of mental illness and criminal risk in persons with mental illness (PMI) that are criminal justice involved. Participants include 47 incarcerated male PMI in a secure psychiatric prison or a residential treatment facility. Of the 47 participants, 31 (66%) completed the program, attended 94% of all sessions, completed 83% of assigned homework, and actively participated in treatment sessions as evidenced by participation ratings. Change was examined using a four-tiered assessment strategy, including pre–post significance testing, magnitude of effect sizes, clinical cutoffs, and reliable change indices. Results showed evidence of strong therapeutic alliance and treatment program satisfaction, as well as symptom reduction and some evidence for reduced criminal thinking. Program modifications and implications for enhancing service delivery to justice involved PMI are discussed.
- Published
- 2013
9. Comparative Analysis of Attitudes and Emotions Among Inmates
- Author
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Jing Shi, Nancy Wolff, and Robert D. Morgan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Aggression ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,Mental illness ,medicine.disease ,Suicide prevention ,humanities ,Occupational safety and health ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Health problems ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,Law ,General Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This study examines the relationship between behavioral health problems and criminogenic thinking, aggression, self-control, and hopelessness, controlling for other demographic and criminal behavior characteristics among incarcerated persons. Male ( n = 3,986) and female ( n = 218) inmates expected to be released within 24 months from prisons affiliated with a northeastern state department of corrections completed the Criminal Sentiments Scale–Modified, Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire Short-Form, Brief Self-Control Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Scale. Results indicated that behavioral health variables were significantly and substantially correlated with antisocial thinking, aggression, self-control, and hopelessness. For male inmates, serious mental illness and substance abuse problems significantly increased antisocial attitudes, aggression, and hopelessness scores and decreased self-control scores. In preparing incarcerated persons with and without mental illnesses for reentry to the community, it is critical to develop and implement evidence-based interventions that respond to attitudinal and emotional risk factors that predict relapse and recidivism.
- Published
- 2013
10. Enhancing Homework Compliance in Correctional Psychotherapy
- Author
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Robert D. Morgan and Brendan R. McDonald
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Psychotherapist ,business.industry ,Service delivery framework ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Task (project management) ,Compliance (psychology) ,Injury prevention ,Medicine ,business ,Law ,General Psychology - Abstract
This study investigated the effects of three homework compliance enhancement strategies (task option, task modeling, and public commitment) on a sample of probationers’ compliance with therapeutic homework tasks during the course of a multiphasic correctional treatment program. The study featured a within-subjects, counterbalanced, experimental design. Homework compliance was measured on the basis of therapists’ record of probationers’ homework completion (i.e., “yes/no” tally), as well as probationers’ scores on the Homework Rating Scale–II Client and Therapist rater versions. Results were mixed but suggested that public commitment and task modeling are potentially useful strategies in enhancing probationers’ beliefs about, expectations of, and compliance with therapeutic homework tasks. Furthermore, results provided preliminary support for the reliability of the Homework Rating Scale–II within correctional populations. Implications for correctional service delivery, treatment programming, and treatment outcome are discussed, as is the need for further research in this area.
- Published
- 2013
11. What’s with the attitude?
- Author
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Robert D. Morgan, Jon T. Mandracchia, and Lucas B. Shaw
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Public policy ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,Criminology ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Political science ,Injury prevention ,Prison reform ,Law ,computer ,General Psychology ,Criminal justice - Abstract
Public policies related to the criminal justice system in the United States ultimately reflect the attitudes of its citizens. It is surprising, therefore, how few studies have investigated influences on attitudes about criminal justice issues and how narrow the scope of such investigations has been. In this study, we examined the effects of education on attitudes toward several criminal justice issues in college students enrolled in a senior-level forensic psychology course compared to a nonpsycholegal psychology course. Results indicated that education about public policy issues influenced students’ attitudes toward the death penalty, prison reform, and the insanity defense. In addition, we examined preexisting differences in these attitudes based on demographic and other status variables (i.e., race, gender, academic class standing) and found that these variables were associated with differences in attitudes about criminal justice issues in a much more complex way than previously considered in the extant literature.
- Published
- 2012
12. Predicting Offenders’ Criminogenic Cognitions With Status Variables
- Author
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Robert D. Morgan and Jon T. Mandracchia
- Subjects
Recidivism ,Injury prevention ,Poison control ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Cognition ,Psychology ,Law ,Suicide prevention ,General Psychology ,Occupational safety and health ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Clinical psychology ,Cognitive style - Abstract
Certain thinking styles promote criminal behavior, and these criminogenic cognitions are not engaged in equally by all offenders. It is imperative to know which offenders are engaging in more criminogenic thinking so their problematic thinking can be targeted and altered during correctional treatment programming. In doing so, correctional mental health professionals may help reduce recidivism. In the current investigation, the researchers sought to identify offenders most likely to engage in criminogenic cognitions on the basis of status variables (i.e., demographic, incarceration, and mental health variables) using data from 595 adult male incarcerated offenders. Findings indicate that younger offenders, less educated offenders, Black and Hispanic offenders, single (i.e., not in a relationship) offenders, offenders without a violent index offense, offenders with a psychological disorder, and offenders not participating in mental health services all endorsed higher levels of some types of criminogenic cognitions. These findings have important implications for correctional mental health care practice toward criminal recidivism reduction.
- Published
- 2011
13. Innovations in Correctional Assessment and Treatment
- Author
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Robert D. Morgan, Thomas J. Fagan, David Nussbaum, Robert K. Ax, Philip R. Magaletta, and Thomas W. White
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Biopsychosocial model ,Sociology of scientific knowledge ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Applied psychology ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,050301 education ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,050109 social psychology ,Telehealth ,Suicide prevention ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,education ,business ,0503 education ,Law ,General Psychology - Abstract
This article considers innovations in the assessment and treatment of incarcerated individuals. The emphasis is on immediate patient needs and inmate management concerns, rather than on rehabilitation. Assessment of this diagnostically complex population is framed in dimensional and biopsychosocial terms. Scarce resources, new scientific knowledge and technology, organizational barriers, and role transformations for psychologists will guide improvements and future research in correctional mental health care, as reflected in specific areas: dimensional assessment, suicide risk assessment, neuropsychological correlates of chronic maladaptive behavior, prescriptive authority for psychologists, and telehealth. In particular, outcome research based on a broader range of interventions will be increasingly crucial to the effectiveness of correctional psychologists' work. In the near future, the degree of impact that psychologists have will depend largely on their individual and collective initiative in promoting the benefits of their services.
- Published
- 2007
14. The Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Offenders
- Author
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J. Stephen Wormith, Lorraine R. Reitzel, Robert D. Morgan, Richard Althouse, Mark Simpson, and Thomas J. Fagan
- Subjects
Rehabilitation ,Recidivism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Applied psychology ,Therapeutic community ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Positive psychology ,0509 other social sciences ,Psychology ,Law ,General Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
The treatment literature on offender rehabilitation is reviewed with the purpose of deriving further direction for researchers and clinicians in the field of correctional psychology. After addressing the measurement of recidivism and other indicators of effectiveness, this empirically guided article reviews individual studies and meta-analyses on effectiveness of psychosocial correctional treatment for adult offenders and specialized treatment for substance abuse offenders and sexual offenders. A foundation in the general principles of offender intervention is established; principles such as risk, need, and responsivity are upheld; and common themes including the use of cognitive-behavioral interventions and the importance of treatment integrity emerge. However, questions move beyond “what works” to detailed queries about the nuances of effective service delivery, including client motivation. Well-controlled clinical studies and detailed process evaluations are still required. Other new directions include the application of positive psychology to offender treatment and the improvement of conditions under which community reentry is more likely to succeed. Directions for further research on correctional treatment are suggested.
- Published
- 2007
15. Toward the One
- Author
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Lorraine R. Reitzel, Philip R. Magaletta, Christopher A. Innes, and Robert D. Morgan
- Subjects
Knowledge management ,Management science ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Behavioural sciences ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,Ideal (ethics) ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Incentive ,Knowledge base ,Isolation (psychology) ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,0509 other social sciences ,Consciousness ,Psychology ,business ,Law ,General Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Maturing behavioral science research in corrections to the next level of organization requires several strategies, each of which moves toward the one ideal of integration and collaboration. Several factors intrinsic to the business of research, its funding sources, and its incentives produce multiple levels of isolation, generate and maintain a fragmented state of knowledge, and limit the strength of behavioral sciences research in corrections. To raise consciousness of this issue, the factors underlying and sustaining this isolation and fragmented knowledge base are delineated. In addition, several strategies to strengthen the behavioral-sciences research process in corrections are presented. Specifically, they involve working toward the construction of research infrastructures built into correctional systems, developing collaborative models that extend beyond mere discussions and sharing of ideas between scientists and practitioners, and integrating once-disparate streams of literature and knowledge.
- Published
- 2007
16. Inmate Thinking Patterns
- Author
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Sheila Garos, J. Travis Garland, Jon T. Mandracchia, and Robert D. Morgan
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Egocentrism ,Conceptualization ,Poison control ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Cognition ,Dysfunctional family ,Test validity ,Exploratory factor analysis ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Psychology ,Law ,Social psychology ,General Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
This study investigated patterns of maladaptive thinking in 435 offenders and sought to develop and preliminarily validate a measure of criminal thinking patterns. An exploratory factor analysis of 77 thinking errors derived from four theories of cognitive distortions that influence behavior yielded a three-factor model of dysfunctional thinking among offenders. Interpretations of these three factors were provided (i.e., Control, Cognitive Immaturity, and Egocentrism). Implications for treatment and future research with offenders, using the conceptualization of erroneous thinking posited by the three-factor model, are discussed.
- Published
- 2007
17. Graduate Students’ Experiences, Interests, and Attitudes Toward Correctional/Forensic Psychology
- Author
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Jon T. Mandracchia, Amanda M. Beer, Robert D. Morgan, and Katherine L. Fitzgerald
- Subjects
ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,business.industry ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Applied psychology ,Specialty ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Practicum ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Counseling psychology ,Forensic psychology ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Survey data collection ,Medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,0509 other social sciences ,business ,Law ,General Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
This study investigated the availability of correctional and forensic psychology training as well as graduate students’ experiences and attitudes toward working with offender populations. Using survey data gathered from 175 graduate students representing 30 clinical and 29 counseling psychology programs, results indicate the availability of specialized training in correctional and/or forensic psychology for approximately one half of the participants. Furthermore, correctional and forensic practicum experiences appear to be as commonly available as other specialty practicum experiences, and participants report general case loads with clients who have a history of criminal and antisocial behavior. Finally, it is noted that graduate students, regardless of prior practicum or work experiences, maintain positive attitudes toward inmates and perceive work with offenders as interesting, challenging, and meaningful.
- Published
- 2007
18. Internship Training Opportunities in Correctional Psychology
- Author
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Robert D. Morgan and Robert K. Ax
- Subjects
Rate of return ,Warrant ,education.field_of_study ,Medical education ,media_common.quotation_subject ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Population ,Staffing ,Prison ,Training (civil) ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Variety (cybernetics) ,Nursing ,Internship ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,0509 other social sciences ,education ,Psychology ,Law ,General Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Seventy-nine training directors of internship programs based in prisons, jails, and selected forensic settings received surveys concerning several aspects of their programs. Fifty-three responded for a return rate of 67%. Whereas these programs are seen to exist on a continuum with few sharp lines of distinction between them, there are enough differences to warrant applying the term correctional psychology internship specifically to those programs offering training experiences primarily in general population prison/jail settings. Different training emphases and staffing patterns were among factors distinguishing corrections-based internships from their more traditionally forensic counterparts. Both forensic and prison programs offer a wide variety of training experiences and continue to enjoy administrative support.
- Published
- 2002
19. Correctional Officer Burnout
- Author
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Christy A. Pearson, Richard A. Van Haveren, and Robert D. Morgan
- Subjects
Injury control ,business.industry ,Accident prevention ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Poison control ,Human factors and ergonomics ,050109 social psychology ,Burnout ,Occupational safety and health ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Officer ,Nursing ,Medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,0509 other social sciences ,business ,Law ,General Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of several variables that have led to inconsistent results in previous studies on correctional officer stress, as well as expand previous research by exploring the relationship of two new variables (i.e., occupational title and work station) with correctional officer stress. Participants in this study consisted of 250 correctional officers from a Southwestern state department of corrections. Results indicated that older and more educated officers reported increased levels of personal accomplishment, whereas less experienced officers and officers with increasing job responsibilities experienced increased levels of depersonalization and emotional exhaustion and decreased levels of personal accomplishment. Furthermore, gender comparisons indicated that female correctional officers were less likely to respond impersonally to inmates than their male counterparts. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.
- Published
- 2002
20. Foreword
- Author
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Robert D. Morgan
- Subjects
Law ,General Psychology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Published
- 2007
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