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Recently, transition metal carbide or nitride (MXene)-based nanomaterials have been broadly investigated as new photocatalysts and electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 into valuable energy-rich fuels due to their unique properties such as rich surface chemistries, flexible morphologies, bandgap structures, considerable electrical conductivities, thermal stabilities, and significant specific surface areas. Nevertheless, only a few reviews have been reported on the application of MXenes or MXene-based nanomaterials as advanced photocatalysts and/or electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction, which do not cover new findings and the current development in the application of MXene-based nanomaterials for CO2 reduction. Accordingly, herein, we present a comprehensive review of current findings on the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 by various MXene-based nanomaterials. Particularly, this review focuses on the (i) photocatalytic reduction of CO2 by functionalized Ti3C2, TiO2/Ti3C2, g-C3N4/Ti3C2, and other/Ti3C2 catalysts, (ii) electrocatalytic CO2 reduction; (iii) CO2 reduction associated with photothermal catalysis and hydrogenation, and (iv) stability of MXene-based photoelectrocatalysts. Additionally, we have briefly explored the challenges in the large-scale fabrication of MXene-based nanomaterials and proposed the future research prospects of MXene-based nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution by organic pollutants is an ever-increasing problem for the global concerns. Some recently published papers are reviewed and summarized with the focus being on the photocatalytic oxidation of tetracycline in wastewater effluent. In this review, the effects of various operating parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline are presented. Recent findings suggested that type of photocatalyst and composition, initial substrate concentration, amount of catalyst, pH of the reaction medium, ionic components in water, solvent types, and oxidizing agents/electron acceptors can play an important role on the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]