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Objective The present study was carried out to assess the accuracy of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in the morphological and chemical characterization of ureteric calculi along with the prediction of the grade of urinary obstruction. Methods This was a prospective observational study that included 100 cases with ultrasonography (USG)-diagnosed ureteric calculi that underwent surgery or had spontaneous expulsion of ureteric calculi. At enrolment, DECT was performed for an in vivo evaluation of volume, chemical composition, and grade of obstruction by subjective assessment of the perinephric edema. After surgical intervention, in vitro evaluation of volume was done by fluid displacement followed by infrared spectroscopy (IRS) for chemical composition. DECT findings were compared with the biochemical analysis and degree of obstruction was validated against excretory CT urograms. Sensitivity, specificity, and the positive predictive and negative predictive values of DECT were assessed. Results No significant difference was observed between the mean volume of stones by fluid displacement (65.1±77.61 mm3) and DECT assessment (66.09±81.78 mm3). IRS revealed the composition of stones as hydroxyapatite, uric acid, cysteine, oxalic acid, and mixed type in 48, 23, 15, five, and nine cases. The sensitivity and specificity of DECT for hydroxyapatite, uric acid, cysteine, oxalic acid, and mixed types were 89.6% and 88.5%, 82.6% and 97.5%, 86.7% and 96.5%, 80% and 98.9%, and 88.9% and 98.9%, respectively. On CT urography, a total of 35 had a high-grade and 65 had a low-grade obstruction, whereas DECT revealed high- and low-grade obstructions in 42 and 58 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of DECT for a high-grade obstruction were 94.3% and 86.2%. Conclusions The findings of the study showed that DECT provides comprehensive information regarding the morphological, chemical, and anatomical characterization of ureteric stones.

Background Multidetector CT (MDCT) has emerged as a useful option for early diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) with adequate accuracy. Methods A total of 80 patients with restricted pulmonary functions and clinical suspicion of ILD were enrolled in the study. MDCT evaluation was done using Siemens Somatom Force 384 slice multidetector computer tomography machine. Pattern analysis for reticular opacities, nodules and lung opacities was done to reach at a diagnosis. Final diagnosis was based on correlation of radiological and clinicopathological findings. Diagnostic efficacy of MDCT was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy for detection of ILD. Results Mean age of patients was 58 ± 8.75 years. Majority were females (51.3%). History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis and bronchial asthma was revealed in 31 (38.8%), 26 (32.5%) and 16 (20%) patients, respectively. There were 30 (37.5%) patients having no history of respiratory diseases. MDCT diagnosed ILD in 45 (56.3%) cases. On final diagnosis, ILD was diagnosed in 35 (43.8%) cases (15 usual interstitial pneumonia [UIP], 9 cryptogenic organizing pneumonia [COP], 8 nonspecific interstitial pneumonia [NSIP] and 3 respiratory bronchiolitis associated interstitial lung disease [RBILD]). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of MDCT in detection of ILD was 91.4%, 71.1%, 71.1%, 91.4% and 80%, respectively. Conclusion MDCT as a single modality had a high sensitivity for detection of ILD and could be recommended as first line diagnostic imaging technique.

Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is an uncommon entity in the spectrum of prostatic carcinoma. Clinically it is different from common prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma. It is usually more aggressive than prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma. We are presenting a case report on prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma, a cystic variant of prostatic carcinoma in a 55-year-old man who complained of obstructive urinary symptoms with mildly raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA). On further evaluation in our radiology department a cystic lesion with enhancing polypoidal soft tissue component was noted in prostatic parenchyma. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of ductal adenocarcinoma.