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Recurrent erythematous rashes in the same anatomical site are a feature of a disorder known as fixed drug eruption (FDE). We describe a rare instance of a fixed eruption in a 70-year-old woman who had recurrent skin lesions at the same locations due to the use of chloroquine. This case demonstrates the timely and precise identification of an FDE, which resulted in the offending medication being stopped and the symptoms clearing up when topical steroids were used. This case study underscores the significance of attentive healthcare practices and the vital impact that thorough, individualized treatment plays in improving the patient's condition., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Anand et al.)

The most common benign tumor that affects female reproductive system is a uterine fibroid or leiomyomas, especially during their reproductive years. The prevalence is around 20-40% women in the age group of 14-45 years. The following case report proffers the diagnosis and management of a female diagnosed with uterine fibroids. In this case a 45-year-old woman presented to the tertiary rural hospital with an unusually large distended abdomen which on examination and imaging revealed a big fibroid growing inside the uterus. The case highlights the significance of a collaborative approach involving gynecologists, interventional radiologists, and surgeons. Their combined expertise provides patients with various treatment options: medical management, minimally invasive procedures, and surgical interventions. During the decision-making process, factors such as the patient's age, desire for fertility preservation, and impact of fibroids on her quality of life are taken into account. This particular case showcases successful pre-hysterectomy uterine artery embolization of large uterine leiomyoma while emphasizing the importance of personalized care and shared decision making for optimal patient outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Rout et al.)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a pulmonary pathology that itself can harm and further lead to many other significant hazardous sequelae. Pulmonary vasculature can be distressed by several diseases, but among all the causes, sepsis is one of the main culprits. Its consequences include significant alveolar injury, refractory hypoxemia, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, and destruction of the alveolar-capillary membrane. Dyspnea with diffuse infiltration on a chest X-ray is the most prevalent clinical symptom. Here, we discuss a case of a 62-year-old male patient who presents with ARDS and metabolic anomalies. The patient was treated medically with drug regimens., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Thakur et al.)

Abdominal distension, constipation, and vomiting are just a few of the symptoms of small bowel obstruction (SBO), a disorder with several well-known frequent causes. Patients may now be more carefully chosen for surgical intervention and frequent causes of SBO can be quickly detected thanks to recent advancements in both imaging modalities and minimally invasive procedures. Despite these developments, it must be emphasized that diagnosing unusual causes of SBO remains challenging. This study describes a 38-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with a capsulated submucosal leiomyoma and later treated surgically., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Choudhary et al.)

This case report provides a vivid illustration of a schizophrenic case in a 59-year-old man with auditory hallucinations, illuminating the nature of his symptoms. Auditory hallucinations were prominent, and the patient received voices urging him to perform actions that clearly corresponded to his paranoid thoughts. Through comprehensive research and long-term follow-up, this report reveals the complexity of traumatic schizophrenia, highlighting the importance of early recognition and intervention. One must emphasize a multidisciplinary approach, including psychiatric assessment, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy. This case report aims to highlight the critical role of comprehensive individual care in improving the patient's condition and emphasizes the importance of compassionate healthcare practices., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Kakar et al.)

Spinal extradural arachnoid cysts are an uncommon condition and their exact causative triggers are still unclear. They appear to be extradural arachnoid outpouchings that connect to the intraspinal subarachnoid region via a little dura defect. These cysts are most commonly seen in the thoracic spine, followed by the lumbosacral junction. Compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots leads to the development of the symptoms. The most morbid symptom associated with these compressing extradural cysts is paresthesia. Numerous theories have been proposed about their origins, and the related conditions include spinal trauma, spina bifida, and the lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome. Their position in the spine influences the symptoms manifested. The diagnosis is made via MRI. Surgery is only performed on individuals with neurological impairment, and treatment is based on the clinical presentation. The preferred course of therapy is total surgical excision. We present a case that involves the successful surgical removal of an extradural spinal arachnoid cyst in a 10-year-old girl. Given the rarity of this pathology, its wide array of presenting symptoms, and the successful therapeutic protocol that was followed in this particular case, we believe this article shall prove beneficial to the medical fraternity., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Anand et al.)

Despite being one of the commonest malignancies among women worldwide, carcinoma of the cervix, due to its nonspecific symptoms, goes undiagnosed until it reaches advanced stages. This is especially true among women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the rate of screening for them is much less as compared to noninfected women. HIV infection greatly impacts the treatment and the prognosis of the diagnosed carcinoma. The existing common linkage between the occurrence of HIV and that of cervical cancer has some significant common elements such as low socio-economic conditions and poor hygiene. The treatment methods in such cases, prove to be of concern, taking into consideration the seropositive status of the case. Here, we discuss one such case of a seropositive patient who presented with complaints of leukorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. She had stable vitals, with a pulse rate of 86/minute and blood pressure of 100/80 mmHg. On clinical examination, she was diagnosed with stage International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) IIIB cervical carcinoma. Under all aseptic precautions, a cervical biopsy was taken and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix was diagnosed. A multidisciplinary approach was decided as the course of action, after which she was referred to the department of medical oncology for chemoradiation. Five cycles with a dose of ten Gray (GY) per cycle were planned with concurrent chemotherapy with cisplatin per week. The patient was advised to follow up in the gynecology outpatient department after completion of her chemoradiation cycles for further evaluation and management., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Pamnani et al.)

The intricate interplay between viral infections and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents a fascinating and clinically significant intersection of virology and hepatology. This review article delves into the complex relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and NAFLD. It outlines the shared mechanisms linking viral infections to NAFLD development, including their effects on lipid metabolism, immune responses, inflammation, and gut microbiota. The clinical implications of this interplay are explored, including challenges in diagnosis and management and potential therapeutic strategies. The review emphasises the need for a comprehensive understanding of these interactions as they impact disease progression, risk stratification, and treatment decisions. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of integrated approaches and personalised treatment paradigms for optimising patient care. As we navigate this intricate crossroads, the insights gained can reshape our understanding of liver health and contribute to more effective strategies for managing viral infections and NAFLD., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Narladkar et al.)

Post-implantation syndrome (PIS) is a frequent complication after aortic dissection repair surgery, posing significant risks to patient recovery and survival. We present a case report of a 62-year-old male who underwent aortic dissection repair surgery and developed PIS. The patient exhibited symptoms of fever, pain, and inflammation at the surgery site, along with increased levels of inflammatory markers. He was managed with a combination of anti-inflammatory medications, pain management, and antibiotics, which gradually improved symptoms over weeks. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing the potential for PIS in patients undergoing aortic dissection repair surgery and employing timely interventions to manage this condition., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Yadav et al.)

McKusick-Kaufman syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects limb development, genital formation, and heart function. It is caused by mutations in the MKKS gene on chromosome 20. Individuals with this condition may have extra fingers or toes, fused labia or undescended testes, and, less commonly, severe heart defects. Diagnosis involves a physical examination and genetic testing, while treatment focuses on symptom management, including surgical intervention if necessary. The prognosis varies depending on the severity of associated complications. In a recent case, a 27-year-old woman with fetal hydrometrocolpos gave birth to a female neonate with extra digits on both hands and feet, fused labia, and a small vaginal opening. The neonate also had a large abdominal cystic mass, and echocardiography revealed a patent foramen ovale. Genetic testing confirmed an MKKS gene mutation, and the hydrometrocolpos required surgical management. Early diagnosis and intervention can improve outcomes for individuals with this syndrome., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Khanke et al.)

A glioependymal cyst (GEC) is a rare type of cyst that occurs within the brain and spinal cord. A 42-year-old male patient with a cystic lesion in the right frontal lobe was admitted to the hospital to have his headache, vertigo, and body spasms evaluated. MRI scans showed a mass in the right side of the frontal lobe which caused a mass effect over the lateral ventricle and corpus callosum. The patient became symptom-free after the craniotomy, followed by fenestration of cortices and cyst wall removal., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Bakshi et al.)

Hypertension is one of the most notorious non-communicable diseases the medical fraternity is dealing with in this decade. A wide array of medications have been included in the treatment regimen, one of which is calcium channel blockers. Amlodipine is commonly administered from this class. The reports of adverse drug reactions to the intake of amlodipine are very scarce to date. Association of gingival hyperplasia with the administration of this drug is rare and is what we have reported in this case. The theory that is being put forward for this adverse reaction is that the gingival fibroblasts are induced via the proliferative signaling pathways in association with the formation of bacterial plaques. Several classes of drugs other than calcium channel blockers are known to cause this reaction. Anti-epileptics along with anti-psychotic drugs are comparatively more prevalent. Thorough scaling and root planing are used to identify and treat amlodipine-induced gingival hypertrophy. The cause of gingival expansion is unknown, and there is currently no cure other than surgically removing the enlarged tissue and maintaining better dental hygiene. Immediate stoppage of the causative drug is advised in these cases along with the surgical remodeling of the affected gingiva., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Bakshi et al.)

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a group of severe forms of several life-threatening conditions. As a co-infection of this group, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare though severe disease of the skin and mucous membranes. Intake of some drugs could cause reactions such as SJS and TEN. A form of severe connective tissue disorder, TEN is also known as Lyell's syndrome and is a common cause of significant skin and mucous membrane disintegration. Adverse medication reactions are the most prevalent and contribute highly to the incidence rates of the major etiological variables for TEN. Erythema, epidermal detachment that manifests as blisters, and denuded skin patches are the defining features of this pathology. In the majority of cases, the administration of pharmaceutical drugs is thought to be the primary cause of SJS/TEN. In this article, we report a case of a 33-year-old male patient who presented with complaints of lower left facial pain and thus was prescribed carbamazepine. Following this, the patient presented with an adverse reaction to the administration of carbamazepine and was taken off the drug immediately. The treatment included the administration of hydration therapy and appropriate antibiotics for treating the fluid-filled vesicles. The treatment regimen continued for three weeks and was stopped when the skin lesions were scarce and there was an improvement in the overall health of the patient., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Pamnani et al.)

Background Exposure to recreational noise is an emerging public health problem leading to hearing loss. Young people often spend their leisure and relaxation time listening to unsafe levels of music on their personal audio systems. This study aimed to study hearing impairment among young adults due to exposure to various audio gadgets. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted among 241 patients and healthcare workers aged 20-40 years. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire including the history and patterns of usage of headphones. A mobile application-based hearing test, a validated Smartphone hearing screening technology, by the World Health Organization (hearWHO) was used to check hearing. Results Of the 241 adult participants (aged 20 to 40 years), 188 (78%) were males and 53 (22%) were females. The mean hearWHO score was 46.02 ± 9.854, ranging from 21 to 85. The mean hearWHO score for headphone usage with a music system of 50.45 ± 12.32 (p = 0.023) and television of 44.13 ± 8.595 (p = 0.015) was statistically significant. The mean hearWHO score for daily headphone users was 45.93 ± 9.67, for users using daily for more than two hours was 46.59 ± 10.34, for those using headphones for leisure was 47.51 ± 7.74, and for usage music/gaming was 48.71 ± 12.57. Subclinical hearing loss was seen in 201 (83.4%) headphone users. A higher proportion of subclinical hearing loss (74.1%) was noted among participants who used headphones for multiple reasons such as leisure, education, service, music, and gaming. Conclusions In this study, a high proportion of headphone users were found to have subclinical hearing loss. This study generated imperative facts for people and emphasize that they look after their hearing. This study introduces the applicability of new technology in an Indian setting where hearing healthcare is facing challenges., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Gupta et al.)