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Thymomas and thymic carcinomas are rare mediastinal neoplasms arising from thymic epithelial cells, and the presence of synchronous or metachronous primary thymic neoplasms in a single patient is an extremely rare event. Thymoma patients appear to have an inherent predisposition toward developing additional neoplasms. This additionally presents a diagnostic challenge, revealing the importance of multidisciplinary expertise to the management of these patients. This is a case report of a patient with a thymoma and thymic carcinoma, submitted to surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Moura de Azevedo et al.)

Several tumors arise from different structures within the mediastinum. Although each type of mediastinal tumor has a predilection for a specific compartment, the progression of growth from one compartment to another can occur. The anterior mediastinum is the site of several tumors that pose interesting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to thoracic surgeons. The anterior mediastinum is the seat of the majority of neoplastic growths within the mediastinum. Thymomas and lymphomas are the most common pathologies of the anterior mediastinum. Tumors of mesenchymal origin (hemangioma, lymphangioma, lipomas) and their malignant counterparts may occur in any of the mediastinal compartments. Less common tumors of the anterior mediastinal compartment are ectopic thyroid and parathyroid tumors, germ cell tumors, mesenchymal origin tumors, hemangiomas, and cervicomediastinal hygromas. Most of the mediastinal growths usually remain clinically silent until they become large and cause compressive symptoms. Here, we present a case series of five anterior mediastinal tumors consisting of solitary benign teratoma, fibrous benign tumor, malignant fibrosarcoma, hamartomatous chondroma, and malignant thymoma., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Kumar et al.)