1. Chromatin insulator mechanisms ensure accurate gene expression by controlling overall 3D genome organization.
- Author
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Bhattacharya M, Lyda SF, and Lei EP
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Cohesins, CCCTC-Binding Factor metabolism, CCCTC-Binding Factor genetics, Cell Cycle Proteins genetics, Cell Cycle Proteins metabolism, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone genetics, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone metabolism, Enhancer Elements, Genetic genetics, Gene Expression Regulation genetics, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Drosophila genetics, Drosophila metabolism, Cell Differentiation genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental genetics, Chromatin genetics, Chromatin metabolism, Insulator Elements genetics, Genome genetics
- Abstract
Chromatin insulators are DNA-protein complexes that promote specificity of enhancer-promoter interactions and maintain distinct transcriptional states through control of 3D genome organization. In this review, we highlight recent work visualizing how mammalian CCCTC-binding factor acts as a boundary to dynamic DNA loop extrusion mediated by cohesin. We also discuss new studies in both mammals and Drosophila that elucidate biological redundancy of chromatin insulator function and interplay with transcription with respect to topologically associating domain formation. Finally, we present novel concepts in spatiotemporal regulation of chromatin insulator function during differentiation and development and possible consequences of disrupted insulator activity on cellular proliferation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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