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Background: Heterocyclic materials-containing thiazoles exhibited incredible importance in pharmaceutical chemistry and drug design due to their extensive biological properties., Methods: Synthesis of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles from the reaction of 2-((6-Nitrobenzo[ d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide with hydrazonoyl chlorides in dioxane and in the existence of triethylamine as basic catalyst. The antioxidant, in vitro antiproliferative, and cytotoxicity efficacy of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles were measured., Results: In this work, novel series of 5-methyl-2-(2-(-(6-nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene) hydrazinyl)-4-(aryldiazenyl)thiazoles (4a-f) were prepared via the reaction of hydrazonoyl chlorides 2a-f with 2-((6-nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (1) in dioxane and employing triethylamine as basic catalyst. Following the same procedure, bisthiazoles (6, 8, and 10) have been synthesized by utilizing bis-hydrazonoyl chlorides (5, 7, and 9) and carbothioamide 1 in a molar ratio (1:2), respectively. The distinctive features in the structure of isolated products were elucidated by spectroscopic tools and elemental analyses. The antioxidant, in vitro anti-proliferative, cytotoxicity, and anti-cancer efficacy of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles were evaluated. Compounds 4d and 4f were the most potent antioxidant agents. Gene expression of apoptosis markers and fragmentation assay of DNA were assessed to explore the biochemical mechanism of synthesized products. Thiazoles significantly inhibited cell growth and proliferation more than bis-thiazoles. They induced apoptosis through induction of apoptotic gene expression P53 and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene expression Bcl-2. Moreover, they induced fragmentation of DNA in cancer cells, indicating that they could be employed as anticancer agents by inhibiting tumor growth and progression and can be considered effective compounds in the strategy of anti-cancer agents' discovery., Conclusion: Synthesis, DPPH Radical Scavenging, Cytotoxic activity, and Apoptosis Induction Efficacy based on Novel Thiazoles and Bis-thiazoles., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: Hydrazonoyl halides are convenient for the synthesis of arylazothiazoles., Materials and Methods: A series of novel arylazothiazoles were efficiently synthesized from the reaction of hydrazonoyl chlorides with 2-(adamantan-2-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide or 2-(ferrocenyl-1-ylidene)hydrazinecarbo-- thioamide in dioxane used as an aprotic solvent because of its lower toxicity and higher boiling point (101 °C) and triethylamine at reflux. The reaction mechanistic pathway proceeded by the nucleophilic substitution reaction by the elimination of hydrogen chloride to give thiohydrazonates as intermediate, which in situ undergo intramolecular cyclization and loss of water molecule to afford the final product of novel arylazothiazoles. This method is simple with good yield and excellent purities., Results and Discussion: The synthetic schemes for the final products are proposed and discussed. The chemical structures of the final products were identified by different techniques, such as elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS)., Conclusion: In this article, we prepared arylazothiazoles from the reaction of 2-(adamantan-2-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide or 2-(ferrocenyl-1-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide with hydrazonoyl halides., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)