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Purpose of Review: Review comprehensive data on rates of toxoplasmosis in Panama and Colombia., Recent Findings: Samples and data sets from Panama and Colombia, that facilitated estimates regarding seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma and risk factors, were reviewed., Summary: Screening maps, seroprevalence maps, and risk factor mathematical models were devised based on these data. Studies in Ciudad de Panamá estimated seroprevalence at between 22 and 44%. Consistent relationships were found between higher prevalence rates and factors such as poverty and proximity to water sources. Prenatal screening rates for anti- Toxoplasma antibodies were variable, despite existence of a screening law. Heat maps showed a correlation between proximity to bodies of water and overall Toxoplasma seroprevalence. Spatial epidemiological maps and mathematical models identify specific regions that could most benefit from comprehensive, preventive healthcare campaigns related to congenital toxoplasmosis and Toxoplasma infection., Competing Interests: Declarations Conflict of Interest The authors declare no competing interests.

Purpose of Review: Review work to create and evaluate educational materials that could serve as a primary prevention strategy to help both providers and patients in Panama, Colombia, and the USA reduce disease burden of Toxoplasma infections., Recent Findings: Educational programs had not been evaluated for efficacy in Panama, USA, or Colombia., Summary: Educational programs for high school students, pregnant women, medical students and professionals, scientists, and lay personnel were created. In most settings, short-term effects were evaluated. In Panama, Colombia, and USA, all materials showed short-term utility in transmitting information to learners. These educational materials can serve as a component of larger public health programs to lower disease burden from congenital toxoplasmosis. Future priorities include conducting robust longitudinal studies of whether education correlates with reduced adverse disease outcomes, modifying educational materials as new information regarding region-specific risk factors is discovered, and ensuring materials are widely accessible., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Denis Limone Pharm D,is Chairman , shareholder and CEO and Raphael Piarroux Pharm D, PhD, is RandD Director and employee at LDBio Diagnostics. A patent application was submitted in the United States for the development of the whole blood point of care test with the scientists at the University of Chicago to insure its continued high quality performance and reproducibility. The authors declare no other competing interests..

Purpose of Review: Review building of programs to eliminate Toxoplasma infections., Recent Findings: Morbidity and mortality from toxoplasmosis led to programs in USA, Panama, and Colombia to facilitate understanding, treatment, prevention, and regional resources, incorporating student work., Summary: Studies foundational for building recent, regional approaches/programs are reviewed. Introduction provides an overview/review of programs in Panamá, the United States, and other countries. High prevalence/risk of exposure led to laws mandating testing in gestation, reporting, and development of broad-based teaching materials about Toxoplasma. These were tested for efficacy as learning tools for high-school students, pregnant women, medical students, physicians, scientists, public health officials and general public. Digitized, free, smart phone application effectively taught pregnant women about toxoplasmosis prevention. Perinatal infection care programs, identifying true regional risk factors, and point-of-care gestational screening facilitate prevention and care. When implemented fully across all demographics, such programs present opportunities to save lives, sight, and cognition with considerable spillover benefits for individuals and societies., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40124-022-00269-w., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestDenis Limonne Pharm D, PhD and Raphael Piarroux Pharm D, PhD, are the owner and Scientists at LDBio. A patent application was submitted in the United States for the development of the whole blood point of care test with the scientists at the University of Chicago to insure its continued high-quality performance and reproducibility of the results described herein. In the United States and Panama in the more recent studies the LDBio kit was provided for the studies without charge by D Limonne. The Roche kit was provided without charge in Panama. For the predicate test costs for the comparison test for 70 consecutive persons for the feasibility clinical trial the cost of performing the Biorad IgG and IgM tests was provided by Kiphard Foundation. Kamal El Bissati is heading the initiatives to prevent toxoplasmosis in Morocco. Patents have been obtained for the medicine, anti-sense, vaccine, biomarker development work to facilitate their development toward clinical use and sustain availability if/when they are used in clinical practice. RMcLeod was reimbursed for time in performing a literature review concerning Spiramycin by Sanofi Pasteur in accordance with Sunshine laws. RMcLeod (with her colleagues) shared first prize merit award in the Alzgerm initiative to identify the highest quality and rigorously developed and described work demonstrating that a pathogen can initiate, progress and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, and that there can be effect of this chronic active infection on cognition, motor function and other disease processes. This monetary prize was used to further this ongoing work.Competing InterestsThere are no other disclosures and no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Purpose of Review: Review international efforts to build a global public health initiative focused on toxoplasmosis with spillover benefits to save lives, sight, cognition and motor function benefiting maternal and child health., Recent Findings: Multiple countries' efforts to eliminate toxoplasmosis demonstrate progress and context for this review and new work., Summary: Problems with potential solutions proposed include accessibility of accurate, inexpensive diagnostic testing, pre-natal screening and facilitating tools, missed and delayed neonatal diagnosis, restricted access, high costs, delays in obtaining medicines emergently, delayed insurance pre-approvals and high medicare copays taking considerable physician time and effort, harmful shortcuts being taken in methods to prepare medicines in settings where access is restricted, reluctance to perform ventriculoperitoneal shunts promptly when needed without recognition of potential benefit, access to resources for care, especially for marginalized populations, and limited use of recent advances in management of neurologic and retinal disease which can lead to good outcomes., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40124-022-00268-x., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest/Competing Interests There are no other disclosures and no other competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2022.)