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Introduction: Vitamin D has a major positive impact on human health. Its daily supplementation regulates calcium metabolism, inflammatory and neuromodulatory processes. More importantly, vitamin D may be an important factor in reducing the risk of suicide among psychiatric patients. This review aims to describe the potential positive effect of vitamin D supplementation in preventing suicide attempts. Method: The literature review was conducted by search of articles in English and Polish languages on PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, published from 1974 to the 1st of April 2023, following SANRA requirements. The search utilized the following keywords: vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation, suicide, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ADHD, anxiety, and autism. The analysis encompassed original studies, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and review articles. Results: There is a limited number of studies investigating the impact of vitamin D supplementation on suicide risk in individuals with mental illness. Several studies suggest that vitamin D may have a beneficial effect on symptoms of mental illnesses. However, the exact mechanism through which vitamin D exerts its therapeutic effects on mental health remains unclear. Incorporating vitamin D into the treatment of the mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disease, ADHS, autism spectrum disorder, and anxiety, as well as supplementing it during pregnancy and throughout life, could potentially be an effective therapeutic adjunct for suicide prevention approach. Conclusions: According to all the research and gathered data, there is a correlation between Vitamin D supplementation and a decrease in suicide risk among patients suffering from mental disorders. Several lines of evidence have shown a positive impact on mental health in patients suffering from mental diseases. However, further research is needed to establish the mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of Vitamin D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection might be presented in many various specific and non-specific manifest and symptoms from different systems. Also, the psychotic symptoms are documented but the explanation for their pathophysiology remains debatable and a complex matter. The main objective of this paper is to present cases of patients without a history of psychiatric disorders who developed the first episode of psychosis during the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and methods: Two cases of not-related patients with no previous psychiatric history developed psychotic episodes during COVID-19 infection. In both cases chronologically first they experienced symptoms of infection, secondly, delusions and psychomotor agitation that required psychiatric hospitalization. Full remission was observed after antipsychotic treatment in both cases. Results: Even though the pathophysiology of the post-COVID-19 psychiatric symptoms remains unclear, some reports that indicate associations between the infection and the onset of such symptoms. The infection itself, by the induction of cytokine storm followed by the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is considered to stimulate the potential onset of the psychosis, however, other factors such as medications used during treatment (with a particular emphasis on glucocorticosteroids) or psychological factors should be considered as well. Conclusions: Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 might develop serious psychotic episodes even without a prior psychiatric history. Besides, psychiatric symptoms might be the first the even the only manifestations associated with the active SARSCoV-2 infection which seems to be very challenging especially in cases of rapid psychotic episodes without any clear respiratory symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is an ongoing debate as to whether the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) by pregnant women increases the risk of developing autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the offspring. Aim: The aim of the study was to 1) present, based on a case report, the potential factors that may affect the development of ASD in a child, 2) review the literature on the risk of ASD in the case of using SSRIs by a pregnant woman. Case report: The case report concerns a child of a 33-year-old patient, previously treated for an episode of depression at the age of 23. At the beginning of the 15th week of planned pregnancy, when she was 28 years old, sleep disturbances were observed. Over the next few weeks, she gradually developed a full-blown depressive syndrome which required the use of sertraline. The child was born through a natural delivery, a healthy boy, who was diagnosed with ASD at the age of 2.5 years, which was the trigger for the development of the third episode of depression in the patient. Conclusions: The results of the research indicate that SSRIs can penetrate the placental barrier, influencing the processes of serotoninergic transmission in the fetus, disrupting neurodevelopmental processes. On the other hand, a higher risk of ASD development in children of depressed mothers who do not use pharmacotherapy was confirmed, compared to the general population and in the case of the occurrence of depressive episodes in mother in the past and in relation to the male fetuses. The greater risk of ASD in children of mothers who take SSRIs may not only be associated with the medication itself but also with the presence of depression and the probable common genetic basis for both disorders. In each case, other risk factors for the development of ASD should also be taken into consideration, e.g. vitamin D3 deficiencies, unsaturated fatty acids, oxytocin levels, the presence of intestinal dysbiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study aims to present 1) a case report of an 18-year-old female patient with borderline personality disorder (BPD) 2) the diagnostic and treatment difficulties in BPD patients. Materials and methods: The review of the literature from the years 1953-2020 searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Discussion: Patient, 18-years old, hospitalized five times for psychiatric care, presenting self-injurious behaviours, hurting herself within forearms. A patient attempted suicide eight times. She is living with her divorced parents. The patient's father has a new partner with whom he has children. The patient used marijuana and she was experiencing psychotic symptoms under its influence. She smokes 10 cigarettes per day and drinks alcohol once a week since she was 16 years old. Psychiatric problems appeared when the patient started learning in high school. Conclusions: 1. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious psychiatric condition of a difficult diagnosis that should be differentiated with many other psychiatric disorders such as an atypical or subclinical course of psychosis, affective disorders, or dissocial personality. 2. A therapeutic process of a person with BPD is based on psychotherapy and personalized treatment strategies, whereas, pharmacological treatment plays only a supporting role during BPD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Manganese has a role in the membrane transport systems, synthesis of protein, vitamin C, and vitamins B, catalysis of hematopoiesis, regulation of the endocrine, immune system, blood sugar, reproduction, digestion, and blood coagulation. Furthermore, the level of manganese concentrations in human body appears to affect the occurrence of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to search for relationships between the manganese level and the onset of schizophrenia. Material and methods: A descriptive review was performed based on a literature search on Medline and Google scholar from 2003 to 2020, using keywords: schizophrenia, manganese, Mn. The included studies were meta-analyses, case-control studies, and cohort studies that examined differences in manganese concentrations in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Result: Eight studies were selected for the review, with one reporting elevated levels of manganese, two showing no significant differences, and the rest including two meta-analyses stating lower manganese concentrations in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with controls. Conclusion: In most of the researched studies, manganese concentrations in patients with schizophrenia were lower than in control groups, but not all of them reached the same conclusions. The relationship between manganese levels and schizophrenia must be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]