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The article focuses on various scientific reports covering topics such as the diversity of trees in India, the potential use of limonin-coated capacitive sensors for COVID detection, the impact of health insurance on maternal healthcare, modifications of hydroxyapatite for supercapacitor electrodes, and the exploration of small chemical molecules to inhibit cholesterol-lowering enzymes.

The article presents the discussion on science news briefs. Topics include Kullu–Rohtang Pass lies in the heart of Himachal Pradesh, in the rugged terrain near the PirPanjal Mountain range; and accumulating excess carbon and ammonium on the one hand and reducing dissolved oxygen on the other counter the environmental harm.

The article focuses on the potential of small, structurally similar natural flavonoids to inhibit structural mutations in the p53 protein and fight cancer, similar to the effects of curcumin.

The article focuses on understanding the process by which co-worker incivility can lead to knowledge hiding among employees, highlighting how uncivil behavior impacts work engagement, job quitting intentions, and cynicism about colleagues' intentions.

The article focuses on a novel approach to controlling melon flies, which threaten various crops and food security, by developing protein-based traps that attract and capture female flies, ultimately offering a more effective method for pest control compared to traditional pheromone-based traps.

The article focuses on the impact of deep fake travel destination videos on travelers' intentions and decisions, revealing that factors like perceived trust, information manipulation and media richness positively influence destination visit intentions.

The article investigating dengue outbreaks in Central India in 2019 and 2021, examining the prevalence of all four dengue virus serotypes, with particular emphasis on serotype 2 and its higher transmission potential; shedding light on genetic variations & potential evolutionary changes in the virus.

The article focuses on studying the molecular phylogeny and population genetics of Wilson's storm-petrel, a seabird species found in the Southern Ocean, highlighting its genetic diversity; population structure; and genetic differentiation between East Antarctic and sub-Antarctic populations.

The article focuses on the challenges of urban growth, particularly unplanned expansion and urban heat island effects. Researchers used satellite data to track land use changes in Kozhikode, Kerala and found that rapid urban growth had led to increased temperatures due to reduced vegetation. Another study used remote sensing and GIS to predict and manage urban growth in Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu, showcasing the potential of these techniques for effective urban planning and mitigation strategies.

The article focuses on the diversity of true crab species in Indian mangrove forests, highlighting the rich biodiversity supported by these ecosystems and discussing the positive correlation between crab diversity and mangrove cover. Additionally, it explores various natural compounds and their potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, including the enhancement of cancer drug action using isoliensinine.

The article focuses on automating blood cell image recognition through a machine learning classification algorithm, which was developed by researchers from various institutions and achieved nearly 100% accuracy in classifying stained blood cells based on colors and shapes. This technique, which uses ant colony optimization and support vector machines, offers an efficient and accurate way to diagnose diseases and enhance patient treatment in clinics and hospitals.

The composition of species can play an essential role in reducing the atmospheric carbon dioxide. Forest trees are an important part of the functioning of the terrestrial ecosystem, predominantly in the cycling of carbon. However, tree physiology is much less studied than crop physiology for several reasons: a large number of species, difficulty in measuring photosynthesis of tall trees or forest species. This study aims to establish the relationship between physiological plant functional traits (photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content) with soil carbon stock in Pinus roxburghii forest of Garhwal Himalaya. The present findings revealed that photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content positively correlated to the soil carbon stock. The different regression models also showed that photosynthesis rate with water-use efficiency, stomatal conductance and carotenoid content is a good predictor of soil carbon stock in Pinus roxburghii forest. Physiological plant functional characteristics are thus crucial for regulating the carbon cycle and ecosystem functioning in Garhwal Himalaya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroforestry has great potential for carbon (C) sequestration among different land uses of the Himalayan region, India. However, our knowledge of C sequestration in particular, agroforestry system around the world is poor. Therefore, we conducted a study to understand biomass accumulation and carbon allocation in different components of the agroforestry system. The highest stem biomass was recorded in Eucalyptus tereticornis (69.43 ± 0.90 Mg ha-1), branch biomass in Populus deltoids (5.04 ± 0.35 Mg ha-1), leaf biomass also in P. deltoids (2.21 ± 0.12 Mg ha-1), and root biomass in Albizia procera (14.01 ± 0.44 Mg ha-1). The highest (81.01%) C allocation was recorded in the stem of Toona ciliate, branch of P. deltoids (5.73%), leaves of E. tereticornis (2.93%) and root of Anthocephalus cadamba (16.83%). The highest CO2 mitigation (160.5 ± 2.55 Mg CO2 ha-1) and C sequestration (45.33 ± 0.60 Mg ha-1) were recorded in E. tereticornis. The highest wheat crop biomass (11.85 ± 0.23 Mg ha-1) and C stock (3.59 ± 0.05 Mg ha-1) were recorded in P. deltiodes. However, soil carbon stock was recorded in E. tereticornis (37.5 ± 3.52 Mg ha-1). Thus, trees on farmlands with crops are suitable for biomass production and C allocation in different components under changing climatic scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the exploration of plant metabolites, ellagic acid, and naringin, as potential treatments for glioblastoma, a fast-growing brain and spinal cord cancer, by inhibiting the enzyme PARP-1 involved in DNA repair to prevent drug resistance and induce cell death in cancer cells.

The article focuses on exploring whether Vitamin K2 can potentially reduce cognitive decline induced by gut dysbiosis, as Vitamin K2 is reported to modulate gut microbiota, and an imbalance in gut microbiota has been associated with many diseases and cognitive decline.

The article discusses the prevalence of Taenia solium and Taenia saginata tapeworm infections in India. It reports that researchers conducted a systematic review of numerous scientific papers and discovered that these infections were widespread among people of all age groups. It emphasizes the need for raising awareness about sanitation and livestock vaccination to combat these infections.

The article focuses on improving the bioavailability of hesperetin, a flavonoid found in citrus fruits, by loading it into nanofibers. It reports that the researchers demonstrated that the hesperetin-loaded nanofibers had better aqueous solubility and higher serum levels of hesperetin in rats compared to raw hesperetin powder. It mentions that hesperetin nanofibers can effectively address cognitive decline.

The article focuses on the outcomes of manual small incision cataract surgery in eyes with corneal opacity. It reports that the researchers examined a series of such surgeries conducted at a hospital and found that the procedure can be beneficial in improving vision for individuals with both cataracts and corneal opacity, although further comparisons with regular procedures are necessary.

Knowledge of carbon (C) pools in soils is helpful in devising practices for efficient carbon management in intensive cropping systems. Carbon fractions of soil organic carbon are used as an indicator for land-use induced change in soil quality. The present study evaluated carbon pools under Terminalia chebula (chebulic myrobalan) based agroforestry system supplied with different nutrient sources, viz. farmyard manure, poultry manure, vermicompost, wheat straw and inorganic fertilizer (NPK @ 100 : 80 : 60). Carbon fractions, viz. very labile (C1 frac), labile (C2 frac), less labile (C3 frac) and non-labile (C4 frac), were analysed at 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth. The higher value of C1 frac (13.8%), C2 frac (4.8%), C3 frac (8.3%) and C4 frac (11.1%) were recorded under agroforestry as compared to open system. Among the nutrient sources, all the carbon fractions were higher under 100% integrated nutrient sources as compared to controlled treatment. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was recorded higher (298.31 μg g-1) under agroforestry system compared to the open system (290.63 μg g-1) at 0-15 cm. Among the different nutrient sources, higher MBC (458.66 μg g-1) at 0-15 cm and lower (340.59 μg g-1) at 15-30 cm soil depth was recorded in 100% integrated treatment. Thus, agroforestry-based land-use types and integrated nutrient management are more efficient for soil health and carbon management in Himalayan foothills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a method for achieving room temperature photoconductivity using meandered tungsten nanowires, which can lead to high-performance photodetection devices with low energy consumption.

The article focuses on the use of biosurfactant-producing bacteria, specifically Achromobacter xylosoxidans, to enhance the biodegradation of oil-contaminated soil and reduce soil and water pollution caused by oil spills.

The article focuses on potential pharmacotherapeutics for Parkinson's disease, specifically exploring the therapeutic efficacy of 7-nitroindazole and glycyrrhizic acid in reducing nitric oxide production and enhancing autophagy, as demonstrated in mouse models of the disease.

The article focuses on assessing dietary patterns among low-income groups, particularly children living in Delhi slums, to understand how these patterns increase the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases as India becomes more prosperous.

The article focuses on identifying therapeutic targets to address COVID-19-induced inflammation caused by the envelope protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with researchers exploring the potential of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 as a target for therapeutic interventions.

The article focuses on investigating the source of sulfur dioxide pollution in Uttarakhand, a popular tourist destination, which is found to be influenced by various factors including human activities, agricultural biomass burning, and forest fires.

The article focuses on the development of an optical interferometer-based method for standardizing and calibrating pressure measurement equipment, replacing the traditional mercury-based manometers to improve accuracy, reduce environmental risks & ensure long-term reliable operation. It discusses this new method can be used for calibrating pressure measuring devices in the range of 1-100 kilopascal pressure values; and enhancing the accuracy and reliability of pressure measurements.

The article focuses on optimizing the rice and dal ratio for idli batter to enhance taste, texture & digestibility, with research highlighting a 3:1 ratio of rice to dal as the ideal proportion for superior idli characteristics and a relatively low glycaemic index; and tips for making optimal idlis.

The article focuses on repurposing antiviral drugs to treat paediatric adenovirus infections, utilizing molecular docking and simulation studies to identify potential drugs; and highlighting two candidate drugs, baloxavir marboxil and sofosbuvir, for further investigation in clinical trials.

The article analyzing long-term trends in annual and seasonal precipitation in West Bengal, India, with insights into changes in rainfall patterns over the past century, the significant increase in monsoon rainfall in most districts, and potential implications for water security and crop planning.

The article discusses the development of a landslide prediction model for the North-West Himalayas region, discussing the geological conditions, triggers, and correlations between rainfall and landslides, with potential applications in assessing landslide risk and early warning systems in the area.

The article offers information on seismic zonation mapping in India, utilizing hazard response data, and discusses the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence in refining the seismic zone map; and aiding in disaster preparedness and construction planning.

The article focuses on various factors influencing investment decisions, including personal financial needs, information from different sources and cognitive biases. Researchers explored how information sources impact investing decisions, how cognitive biases affect financial choices and the level of financial literacy among socially deprived groups, highlighting the need for improved financial education and outreach among marginalized communities.

The article focuses on improving supercapacitors by combining polyaniline and activated carbon with transition metal oxides to enhance the stability and capacity of the electrodes. Researchers from NITK Surathkal successfully created a composite electrode with high energy and power densities, demonstrating its potential for practical applications in electronic and digital industries.

The article focuses on the potential of natural compounds for fighting cancer, including isoliensinine from Indian lotus that enhances the action of cancer drugs, the utilization of liquid crystalline nanoparticles to improve drug absorption of zerumbone from bitter ginger and the discovery of new compounds with the ability to inhibit enzymes and induce cancer-cell death. These studies offer promising directions for cancer therapy and diagnostics.

The article focuses on the impact of solar flares on the low-latitude ionosphere, exploring the correlation between solar flares and changes in total electron content. Researchers gathered data from GPS-based measurements and analyzed solar X-ray and extreme ultraviolet flux data to reveal a significant connection between solar flares and ionospheric electron content fluctuations, which has implications for communication and navigation systems.

The article focuses on the development of a 3D tumour model using breast cancer cells to mimic in vivo conditions in humans, offering a better platform for testing cancer therapeutics and potentially reducing the reliance on animal experiments.

The article focuses on the poor mental health of first-year Asian undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant number of students reporting poor mental health, feelings of loneliness, and even suicidal thoughts.

The article focuses on the development of a transgenic cell line that overexpresses the Dnmt1 gene, allowing researchers to study the function of this gene in vitro and explore its potential role in neurological diseases and cancer.

The article focuses on comparing six different convolutional neural network models for the automated detection and classification of skin malignancies from biopsy images, with the DenseNet model found to perform the best in recognizing and classifying skin cancers.

The article focuses on the potential of a peptide called NN-32, found in the venom of the Indian spectacled cobra, to be effective against lung cancer cells by inducing cell death through increased levels of reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential.

The article focuses on the carbon storage capacity of seagrass ecosystems in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, finding that seagrass meadows associated with mangroves have higher organic carbon stocks, which can be beneficial for carbon reduction plans under the Paris Climate Agreement 2015.

The article focuses on the glacier inventory and changes in the Upper Alaknanda Basin in the Himalayas, with researchers using satellite data from 1994 to 2020 to assess the status of glaciers in the region and found that smaller glaciers lost about 8 present of their mass.