Search

The present study employs temporal C-band Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to evaluate discriminability and estimate acreage of kharif rice across major Indian states. Utilizing multi-temporal Sentinel-1 Cband SAR data, including time-series cross-polarization vertical--horizontal channels, the research spanned states such as Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Odisha and Assam. Employing five machine learning algorithms on GEE, with random forest demonstrating high performance, achieved 98.59% accuracy and 0.92 kappa coefficient ( κ) in Odisha. Subsequently, the RF algorithm was applied for kharif rice acreage estimation, yielding overall accuracies from 88.48% to 97.28% and κ between 0.87 and 0.96 with deviations from reported acreage ranging from 0.95% to 12% across diverse states. The study underscores the efficacy of SAR data and machine learning within GEE for precise large-scale automated mapping of kharif rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (TIS), which operates in the infrared spectral region (7–13 μm), is one of the five instruments on-board the Mars Orbiting Mission (MOM). TIS was designed to detect emitted thermal infrared radiation from the Martian environment, which would enable the estimation of ground temperature of the surface of Mars and also map its surface composition. TIS instrument is a grating- based spectrometer which has spatial resolution of 258 m at periapsis (372 km). TIS hardware was realized with light-weight miniaturized components (total weight 3.2 kg) with power requirement of 6 W. Observations from TIS instrument were carried out during Earth-bound manoeuvres and cruise phase operations of MOM and the results were found to be in agreement with the laboratory measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]