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The field of military sociology, includes all those situations and structures where the element of organized violence constitutes a major and legitimate preoccupation--be it as a readily available means to some shared objective or as a potential last resort against attacks on social order. There are signs of the increasing acceptance of military affairs as a subject worthy of the attention of sociologists. The emergence of professionalism remains a major theme in numerous studies of the military. Military effectiveness is influenced by many factors but planned innovation in peacetime and coping with the stresses of the battle field remain two of the most important problems that military organizations must resolve. Arrangements for continuous structural reforms must be balanced against the need for stability, but they encounter additional resistance from the sentiments attached to existing procedures. Basic as recruitment and selection may be in the nature of the military system, there are other equally important factors determining the kind of exchanges that constantly take place between the civil and military sectors of society.

The article presents study of comparative social mobility. The study of social mobility is a study of change, of movement. It is no easy matter to set it off precisely from the other types of changes which sociologists investigate, e.g. geographic mobility, job shifting, for at many points these varied mobility phenomena intersect. Impressions of the amount of mobility in a society may be useful in interpreting attitudes in the society. They are not particularly usable when international comparisons are attempted. A more basic difficulty is that the perception of the amount of mobility cannot accept as an accurate statement of what has occurred. For example, in the U.S. there has been a widely held belief that the presidency of Andrew Jackson originated the "spoils" system, the distribution of political offices to of the winning presidential candidate, and represented the victory of the lower classes who were presumably appointed to offices from which they were usually excluded. Aronson's careful analysis shows that the family backgrounds the leading figures of the Jacksonian administration were decidedly not lower class. Mobility may be underestimated as well as overestimated. In caste-like societies, the inference is usually drawn that no mobility actually exists.

The article presents a bibliography on History and Organization of Sociological Studies. Under the heading Historical Development of Sociology, some of the books included are: A Hundred Years of Psychology, and The Origins of European Thought About the Body, the Mind, the Soul, the world, Time and Fate, New Interpretations of Greek, Roman and Kindred Evidence, also of Some basic Jewish and Christian beliefs. Under the heading Current Trends and Activities, some of the books included are: A Short Economic and Social History of England, The Prospect Before Us, Pioneers in Russian Social Thought, The Rise of Industrial Sociology, The New Sociology in China, and The Place of Social Science in Germany Today. Under the heading Teachings of Sociology some of the books included are: The Teaching Sociologist's Frame or Reference, and Education in Social Science and the Selection of Students for Training As Professional Social Scientists. Under the heading Textbooks and Manuals some of the books included are: Readings in Sociology, and others.