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Drawing on Andrea Durbach's work around post-conflict transformative gender justice, this paper asks if criminal justice for conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) can bring about transformative gender justice in Latin America. The paper offers a comparative analysis of two judicial cases of conflict-related rape: the Sepur Zarco case in Guatemala and the Manta y Vilca case in Peru. The paper argues that domestic courts can have important transformative effects on victim-survivors, their families and on criminal justice practices for CRSV, when international standards for evidentiary practice are adhered to within the specific local context of the case in question, as was the case of Sepur Zarco. If international standards of evidentiary practice are not considered, it is much less likely that such cases are transformative, in fact, the process might do harm, as in the case of Manta y Vilca. Therefore, criminal justice processes are not by default transformative, but good practice can be important to transformative gender justice by providing redress for victim-survivors and affected communities, unsettling hierarchies and building accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we analyze the semantics of the "regional society", which has been established as a widely spread assumption to the conceptualization of the social specificity of Latin America. This semantics considers that geographical and spatial limits are significant for the delimitation of social realities. In this way, it allows us to distinguish between internal and external realities, recognizing their simultaneous value for understanding the social dynamics that unfold in the region. Indeed, it is possible to reconstruct the diversity of theorizations about Latin America as alternative ways in which the links between the internal and the external have been conceived. The paper seeks to develop these hypotheses, while advancing in the evaluation of the theoretical and empirical limits of the semantics. We conclude about the need to move towards a non-regionalist concept of society to approach Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines cases of illicit fuel use on the part of members of the Peruvian National Police (PNP) in Lima, by regarding the phenomenon as part of the generalized and normalized corruption within the institution. This approach accounts for the failure of the implemented oversight systems to regulate fuel usage and the persistence of irregular practices, such as fuel extraction and unauthorized vehicle use given that these practices have their origin in and in turn uphold structural deficiencies and cultural characteristics of the institution. This research provides an account of the characteristics and mechanisms that allow the generalization of corruption, highlighting those activities that legitimize said practices among members' narratives. As a result, a positive appraise of illicit fuel use has been constructed in relation to an apparent fulfillment of the institutional mission. Following this approach, traditional definitions of corruption in the public sector and their consequences are problematized here. Information examined in this paper comes from the Direction of Logistics of the PNP (DIRLOG) and from testimonies collected during interviews with members of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes how loving and political trajectories of Argentinean gay men are intersected. In doing so, the goal is to critically review love self-referentiality's hypothesis operating in contemporary societies and develop the complexity of the notion of sociability to explain political paths. The methodological approach was based in conducting in-depth interviews with 30 gay men who live in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires to reconstruct their love stories. I identify three ways in which love and politics are intertwined. The first one refers to how politics becomes a principle of seduction. The second one implies thinking politics as a hooking-up space. The third one describes the ways through which politics contribute to stabilize couples. I conclude that the description of those crossroads advances in the understanding of love, relativizing self-referentiality's hypothesis sustained in social studies of love, and unfolding the non-politics category, included in politization studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is an editorial from the magazine "Debates en Sociología" of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. The magazine is dedicated to presenting high-quality scientific research in social sciences that are relevant to social reality and the current situation in Latin America and Peru. In this issue 57 of the magazine, the new styles and themes implemented during the work of Deborah Delgado Pugley are reflected. The magazine seeks to maintain the quality and reliability of the published research papers and contribute to global, regional, and national debates on various social, cultural, political, gender, and environmental issues. This issue presents a dossier on alternatives and resistances to hegemonic capitalist models in rural worlds. The magazine is open to all individuals who wish to contribute with their academic research to improve knowledge of reality and alternatives to current challenges. [Extracted from the article]

Research on the prosecution of human trafficking is scarce in South America. This paper provides evidence of criminal procedures for this offense in Madre de Dios, one of Peru's emblematic gold mining enclaves. I demonstrate that prosecutors' behaviour is shaped by a plurality of actions, which contrasts contemporary scholarship focus on rational choice theory. I also shed light on penal selection patterns, or why prosecutors prioritize some cases instead of others. Although discretion is certainly a key aspect, I find that other variables--such as the cultural organization within justice practitioners--play an important role to explain the aforementioned behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Love has been subject of interest to various areas of knowledge, art and everyday life. From the field of sociology, this paper aims to analyze social representations of love among young lesbians of Lima's upper class. The focus is on how their trajectories, families and self-identification influence the construction of such representations. Nine interviews were conducted with young lesbians from the upper class to answer the research question. Two approaches to love were found: from romantic to confluent love and towards confluent love. Moreover, it was found that this love holds three secrets: the secret of the inner world, the secret that is kept from their families and the environment and the one that is hidden from their partners. The aforementioned is linked, among other factors, to the specificity of being lesbians from Lima's upper class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a situated reflection on the political potential of the concept of those environmentally affected, in a framework of fight for rights, in order to promote a dense conceptualization, according to the situations of suffering and violations suffered by victims of environmental pollution. First we describe an experience rich in examples, highlighting the institutional set of the injustices and those devices of mis-recognition. Also we describe the communities formed by and for the victims. Secondly, we make a review of some contexts of use of the notion of environmental affected that can contribute to strength -in the particular case analyzed and by extension, to others-for a public and political self-understanding towards effective recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the trends and characteristics of the Peruvian population up to 2050 based both on official statistics and author's estimates. Issues discussed include growth, changes in vital rates, age structure, the demographic bonus, ageing, migration and distribution. Policy implications of these demographic trends are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses how labor, family and labor-family relationships have changed recently in Peru and analyses also their effects on the household division of work in families where both parents perceive salaries. Our findings focus on: a) the roles of both parents (male and female) as household providers and their views on parenting, b) the scheduling of family activities and labor flexibility, c) the tensions in labor-family relationships d) the social practices related to domestic activities and child care and e) the struggles for power in daily interactions related to the division of labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches masculinity through the study of the body, taking into account its aesthetics to unveil a subject not well documented and to explore the experience and representation of masculinity in a socioeconomic sector that is not well known. The research on masculinities in Latin America and the world, point out three essential components: the persistent demonstration of masculinity; the distinction between feminine and homosexual; and the control of emotions. This research shows that, in the social sector explored, the concept of masculinity widens and the three components that were pointed out before, are reduced in intensity; meanwhile we foresee the importance of the body as an individuation factor and as an esthetic innovation. Through the practice of ethnography in two independent design stores in Lima, we observe that the appearance is produced when the personal taste, the salesmen as cultural intermediaries and the feminine figure intertwine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The district of Sacsamarca, located in the province of Huanca Sancos in the region of Ayacucho in Peru, was one of the most affected districts by the Internal Armed Conflict during the eighties (CAI, in Spanish). Violence, as an exogenous variable, transformed the political, economic, and social landscape within this community, and left tremendous losses that still have not been overcome. This paper analyzes the loss of agency among Sacsamarca's inhabitants, within a framework of social resilience. For this purpose, we examine three crucial factors that were altered by the CAI: economic, political and demographic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the phenomenon of the private universities that have emerged in our country during the nineties. This increase of alternatives to access to higher education has generated a sense of significant progress in terms of social mobility opportunities for middle class youth. However, we point that this quantitative increase has caused rather a very strong professional market segmentation. That is, it has not reduced educational gaps; on the contrary, it has probably increased them. In search of items that hold this idea, we propose to develop a profile of the young people attending the Private University César Vallejo, based on a comparison of some aspects about supply and demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analize in systematic and detailed terms one central aspect of Manuel Castells's contemporary sociological perspective of power: the question of frame or modeling mind. The research will allow us to discover, mainly, the proliferation of a discourse built from two theoretical operations hidden by the author: the postulation of a logic of imposition as exclusionary logic of power or power of framed, and the separation between power and minds. We demonstrate that such discourse embodies a contradictory movement as often assumed a markedly ideological form that tend to mask the mentioned operations. Castells's appropriation of Entman's theory, his mainly theoretical source in this case, provides significant evidence to demonstrate such findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the effects of climate change in agriculture and food in Latin America. In response to Maletta (2009), this essay analyze the real impacts climate change will have in the region. We suggest that global impacts in agriculture and food will be high in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a genealogy of educational and occupational aspirations, based on the desires of two generations of rural children of Ayacucho. Taking the region's recent turbulent and violent history into account, and other recent structural social changes, the research shows how the aspirations change between both generations, paying special attention to gender differences. Terciary education becomes the most wanted future, while peasant activities almost disappear from desired future lives; in addition, in poorer households girls keep higher aspirations than their male peers. Despite all this, hard evidence shows that tertiary education is rarely reached in Ayacucho, and women still have less opportunity to access and finish secondary and tertiary education. Therefore, this genealogy of desires not only should be seen as a social construction, but also as an expression of voice and agency, where social hierarchies are questioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an approach to the problematic of the district management of public safety through the analysis of the specific case of the Miraflores Municipality during the years of 2007 to 2010. The relevance of this case lies in three points: in the role of this district in the nodal structure of the Lima Metropolitan Area; in the capacity to invest in technology and human resources for safety; and because it refers to an example of coherence between the public management and the demands of certain part of the local population. The author analyses how did the local government of Miraflores approach to the needs of safety of the metropolitan citizens when they were inside its limits and the way in which was used the differentiation between residents, visitors, tourists, etc. For that purpose, the different forms of segregation and restriction of use and appropriation of the public space as result of measures based in a discourse of return to a mythic past of calm and safety will be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the numerous indigenous uprisings in the 1990's, scholars have paid close attention to indigenous politics in Latin America, with their main focus placed on the construction of indigenous movements, as well as indigenous identity. In contrast, very few contributions deal with institutional designs to promote indigenous people's access to formal politics. This paper addresses the topic of descriptive representation of indigenous people in formal decision-making spheres, with the main focus on the Parliament. It outlines the benefits associated with descriptive representation of minorities, as well as two cases of interest: Mexico and New Zealand. Based on interviews conducted during the summer of 2009, the article provides insight into the indigenous leaders' assessments regarding this issue. It also includes a look at the magnitude of recent indigenous representation in Parliament. The final section presents a brief review of some strategies to include indigenous people informal power structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]