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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the pulp chamber temperature rise (PCTR) in light-cure bonding of brackets with and without primer, in intact and restored mandibular central incisors (M1), maxillary first premolars (Mx4), and mandibular third molars (M8). Material and Methods: Ninety human teeth were included: M1 (n=30), Mx4 (n=30), and M8 (n=30). Light-cure bonding of brackets was performed in intact (n=60) and restored (n=30) teeth, with primer (n=60) or without (n=30) primer. PCTR was defined as the difference between initial (T0) and peak temperatures (T1), recorded with a thermocouple during light-cure bonding. Differences on PCTR between bonding techniques (primer vs. no primer), teeth types (M1 vs. Mx4 vs. M8), and teeth condition (intact vs. restored) were estimated by ANCOVA, with α=5%. Results: PCTR was significantly higher with the use of primer (2.05 ± 0.08oC) than without primer (1.65 ± 0.14oC) (p=0.02), and in M1 (2.23 ± 0.22oC) compared to Mx4 (1.56 ± 0.14oC) (p0.05), and no difference between intact (1.78 ± 0.14oC) and restored (1.92 ± 0.08oC) teeth (p=0.38). There was no influence of dentin enamel thickness in the PCTR (p=0.19). Conclusion: PCTR was higher in light-cure bonding of brackets with primer, especially in M1. Light-cure bonding seems less invasive without primer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of combined headgear used alone or in association with rapid maxillary expansion, as the first step for Class II malocclusion treatment.Methods:The sample comprised 61 patients divided into three groups: Group 1, combined headgear (CH); Group 2, CH + rapid maxillary expansion (CH + RME); and Group 3, control (CG). In Group 1, patients were treated with combined headgear until Class I molar relationship was achieved. In Group 2, the protocol for headgear was the same; however, patients were previously subject to rapid maxillary expansion.Results:Results showed distal displacement of maxillary molars for both experimental groups (p < 0.001), with distal tipping only in Group 1 (CH) (p < 0.001). There was restriction of forward maxillary growth in Group 2 (CH + RME) (p < 0.05) and clockwise rotation of the maxilla in Group 1 (CH) (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results, it is possible to suggest that treatment with both protocols was efficient; however, results were more significant for Group 2 (CH + RME) with less side effects.

INTRODUCTION: Combined treatment offers advantages for partially edentulous patients. Conventional implants, used as orthodontic anchorage, enable previous orthodontic movement, which provides appropriate space gain for crown insertion. OBJECTIVE: This case report describes the treatment of a 61-year and 10-month-old patient with negative overjet which made ideal prosthetic rehabilitation impossible, thereby hindering dental and facial esthetics. CASE REPORT: After a diagnostic setup, conventional implants were placed in the upper arch to anchor intrusion and retract anterior teeth. Space gain for lateral incisors was achieved in the lower arch by means of an orthodontic appliance. CONCLUSIONS: Integrated planning combining Orthodontics and Implantology provided successful treatment by means of conventional implant-supported anchorage. The resulting occlusal relationship proved stable after 10 years.

INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of sleep bruxism (SB) in children is subject to discussions in the literature.OBJECTIVE: This study is a systematic literature review aiming to critically assess the prevalence of SB in children.METHODS: Survey using the following research databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, Lilacs and BBO, from January 2000 to February 2013, focusing on studies specifically assessing the prevalence of SB in children.RESULTS: After applying the inclusion criteria, four studies were retrieved. Among the selected articles, the prevalence rates of SB ranged from 5.9% to 49.6%, and these variations showed possible associations with the diagnostic criteria used for SB.CONCLUSION: There is a small number of studies with the primary objective of assessing SB in children. Additionally, there was a wide variation in the prevalence of SB in children. Thus, further, evidence-based studies with standardized and validated diagnostic criteria are necessary to assess the prevalence of SB in children more accurately.

INTRODUCTION: In some cases, conservative treatment of internal derangements of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) is considered little responsive. Thus, it is necessary to accomplish treatments that aim at reducing pain and improve patients' functions who present arthrogenic temporomandibular disorders. OBJECTIVE: This study, by means of a systematic review of the literature, aimed to analyze the effectiveness of intra-articular injections with corticosteroids and sodium hyaluronate for treating internal derangements of the TMJ. METHODS: Carry out a research in the following databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Pubmed, Lilacs, and BBO, considering publications issued between 1966 and October of 2010, focusing on randomized or quasi-randomized controlled clinical trials, single or double-blind. RESULTS: After applying the inclusion criteria we collected 9 articles, 7 of which were randomized controlled double-blind clinical trials and 2 randomized controlled single-blind clinical trials. CONCLUSION: After analyzing the literature, it was found that intra-articular injection with corticosteroids and sodium hyaluronate seems to be an effective method for treating internal derangements of the TMJ. However, further randomized controlled clinical trials, with representative samples and longer follow-up time must be carried out in order to assess the real effectiveness of this technique.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate a sagittal variation on the lower incisors with the use of the lingual arch on the transition from mixed to permanent dentition. METHODS: The sample was constituted of 44 Caucasian patients (26 girls and 18 boys), divided in two groups: CG, control group, monitoring the lower arch space with no orthodontic/orthopedic treatment during the rated period (n = 14); EG, experimental group, presenting anterior inferior mild crowding and installation of the lingual arch for space maintenance (n = 30). The position of the lower incisors was analyzed on computerized cephalometric tracings performed at the beginning of the monitoring (T1) and at the end, on the permanent dentition (T2). In order to evaluate the position of the incisors it was used Tweed and Steiner measurements: IMPA, 1.NB and 1-NB. The alterations were analyzed through the "t" test for paired samples, while the differences between the groups were analyzed through the "t" test for independent samples, as for sexual dimorphism. RESULTS: The values in T2 were greater in relation to T1 for all measurements on EG (IMPA, p = 0.038; 1.NB, p = 0.007 and 1-NB, p < 0.0001). On comparing the differences (T2-T1) between CG and EG, it can be gauged differences significantly superior for measure 1.NB (p = 0.002) and 1-NB (p < 0.0001) on EG. There was no statisticaly significant difference between genres. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the lower incisors were projected after using the lingual arch to control the space on the transition from mixed to permanent dentition, however, within acceptable standards, not having difference between genres.

OBJECTIVE: This study, through a systematic literature review, aims to analyze the effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin as a treatment for masticatory myofascial pain and muscles temporomandibular disorders (TMD). METHODS: Survey in research bases: MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Pubmed, Lilacs and BBO, between the years of 1966 and April 2011, with focus in randomized or quasi-randomized controlled clinical trials, blind or double-blind. RESULTS: After applying the inclusion criteria, 4 articles comprised the final sample: 3 were double-blind randomized controlled clinical trials and 1 was single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS: According to the literature, there is lack of evidence about the real effectiveness of botulinum toxin in the treatment of masticatory myofascial pain and muscular TMD. Thus, further randomized controlled clinical trials, with representative samples and longer follow-up time, to assess the real effectiveness of the technique are needed.OBJETIVO: este trabalho, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, teve como objetivo analisar a efetividade da toxina botulínica como tratamento para dor miofascial mastigatória e disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM) musculares. MÉTODOS: pesquisa nas bases de dados Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Lilacs e BBO, no período entre 1966 e abril de 2011, com enfoque em estudos clínicos controlados randomizados ou quase-randomizados, cegos ou duplo-cegos. RESULTADOS: após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, chegou-se a 4 artigos, sendo que 3 eram estudos clínicos controlados randomizados duplo-cego e 1 era estudo clínico controlado randomizado simples-cego. CONCLUSÕES: pela análise da literatura, verificou-se um número reduzido de evidências significativas sobre a real efetividade da toxina botulínica no tratamento da dor miofascial e de DTM musculares. Assim, são necessários novos estudos clínicos controlados randomizados, com amostras representativas e tempo de acompanhamento longo, para avaliar a real efetividade da técnica.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mechanical properties of three glass ionomers cements (GICs) used for band cementation in Orthodontics. METHODS: Two conventional glass ionomers (Ketac Cem Easy mix/3M-ESPE and Meron/Voco) and one resin modified glass ionomer (Multi-cure Glass ionomer/3M-Unitek) were selected. For the compressive strength and diametral tensile strength tests, 12 specimens were made of each material. For the microhardness test 15 specimens were made of each material and for the shear bond strength tests 45 bovine permanent incisors were used mounted in a self-cure acrylic resin. Then, band segments with a welded bracket were cemented on the buccal surface of the crowns. For the mechanical tests of compressive and diametral tensile strength and shear bond strength a universal testing machine was used with a crosshead speed of 1,0 mm/min and for the Vickers microhardness analysis tests a Microdurometer was used with 200 g of load during 15 seconds. The results were submitted to statistical analysis through ANOVA complemented by Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The results shown that the Multi-Cure Glass Ionomer presented higher diametral tensile strength (p < 0.01) and compressive strength greater than conventional GICs (p = 0.08). Moreover, Ketac Cem showed significant less microhardness (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The resin-modified glass ionomer cement showed high mechanical properties, compared to the conventional glass ionomer cements, which had few differences between them.OBJETIVO: avaliar as propriedades mecânicas de três cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIVs) utilizados para cimentação de anéis ortodônticos. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados dois CIVs convencionais (Ketac Cem Easy mix/3M-ESPE e Meron/Voco) e um CIV modificado por resina (Multi-Cure Glass ionomer/3M-Unitek). Para os testes de resistência à compressão e tração diametral, foram confeccionados 12 corpos de prova de cada material. Para os testes de microdureza, foram confeccionados 15 corpos de prova de cada material; para os testes de resistência de união ao cisalhamento, foram utilizados 45 dentes bovinos incluídos em resina acrílica, sobre os quais foi cimentada uma lâmina de anel ortodôntico com braquete soldado a ela para a realização dos ensaios. Para os testes de compressão, tração diametral e cisalhamento, foi utilizada uma máquina universal de ensaios a uma velocidade de 1mm/min; para os testes de microdureza Vickers, foi utilizado um microdurômetro com 200g de carga durante 15 segundos. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA, complementada pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: os resultados demonstraram que o Multi-Cure Glass Ionomer apresentou resistência à tração diametral significativamente maior (p < 0,01) e maior resistência à compressão (p = 0,08) em relação aos CIVs convencionais. Além disso, o Ketac Cem apresentou microdureza significativamente maior que os demais materiais (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: o CIV modificado por resina apresentou propriedades mecânicas superiores às dos CIVs convencionais, que, por sua vez, apresentaram poucas diferenças entre si.

INTRODUCTION: Degenerative changes in Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) have increased in prevalence and severity over the years. Within this context, it's necessary to obtain safe and effective therapies for control and management of the patient in cases of osteoarthritis and osteoarthrosis of the TMJ. Therapeutic options range from intra-articular infiltration protocols, occlusal splints, pharmacological therapies and physiotherapy and educational measures. The alternative treatment with structure-modifying agents, like as chondroitin and glucosamine sulphates, showed promising results, and especially safety. Thus, through a systematic literature review, this study aimed to analyze and discuss effectiveness and safety of chondroitin and glucosamine in degenerative changes of the TMJ. METHODS: Survey in research bases MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Pubmed, Lilacs and BBO, between the years of 1966 and January 2009, with focus in randomized clinical trial (RCTs) and quasi-randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analysis. RESULTS: After application of the inclusion criteria 2 articles were selected, both randomized controlled double-blind clinical trials, which evaluated the effectiveness of chondroitin and glucosamine in degenerative changes of the TMJ. CONCLUSIONS: There is the necessity of further RCT, with representative samples and long follow-up time, to obtainment more precise cause-effect relationships and to achieve an effective and objective protocol involving chondroitin and glucosamine in cases of degenerative changes of the TMJ.INTRODUÇÃO: as alterações degenerativas da Articulação Temporomandibular (ATM) têm aumentado em prevalência e em severidade ao longo dos anos. Dentro desse contexto, surge a necessidade de se obter terapêuticas efetivas e seguras para o controle e o manejo do paciente em situações de osteoartrite e osteoartrose da ATM. As opções terapêuticas variam desde protocolos de infiltrações articulares, dispositivos interoclusais, terapias farmacológicas e medidas fisioterápicas e educacionais. A alternativa de tratamento com agentes modificadores de estrutura - tais como o sulfato de condroitina e o sulfato de glicosamina - apresenta resultados promissores e, principalmente, seguros. OBJETIVO: através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar e discutir a efetividade e a segurança da condroitina e da glicosamina nas alterações degenerativas da ATM. MÉTODOS: levantamento nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, LILACS e BBO, no período compreendido entre 1966 e 2009, com enfoque em estudos clínicos randomizados (RCTs) e quase-randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises. RESULTADOS: após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, chegou-se a dois artigos (estudos clínicos randomizados controlados e duplo-cegos), que avaliaram a efetividade da condroitina e da glicosamina nas alterações degenerativas da ATM. CONCLUSÃO: existe a necessidade da realização de novos RCTs - com amostras representativas e tempo de acompanhamento longo - para a obtenção de relações causa-efeito mais precisas e para que se consiga um protocolo objetivo e eficaz, envolvendo a condroitina e a glicosamina, em situações de alterações degenerativas da ATM.

OBJECTIVE: Orthodontics as an option for treatment and prevention of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) is a topic that has generated discussion over time. While an occlusion current defends Orthodontics as an alternative to treatment, another current defends more conservative and reversible treatments. The objective of this study, through a systematic literature review, was to analyze the relationship between Orthodontics and TMD, checking the effects of orthodontic therapy in treatment and prevention of TMD. METHODS: Survey in research bases: MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Pubmed, Lilacs and BBO, between the years of 1966 and May 2009, with focus in randomized clinical trials, non-randomized prospective longitudinal studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS: After application of the inclusion criteria 11 articles were selected, 9 which were non-randomized prospective longitudinal studies, 1 randomized clinical trial and 1 systematic review. CONCLUSIONS: According to the literature, there is a lack of specific studies that evaluated Orthodontics as an option for treatment and prevention of TMD. Thus the data conclude that there is no significant scientific evidences that orthodontic treatment treats or prevents TMD.

INTRODUÇÃO: o bruxismo do sono (BS) é uma desordem de movimentos estereotipados e periódicos, associados ao ranger e/ou apertar de dentes durante o sono, decorrentes da contração rítmica dos músculos mastigatórios. Essa condição não é uma doença, porém quando exacerbada pode ocasionar desequilíbrio e alteração das estruturas orofaciais. Dessa forma, surge a necessidade de se obter terapêuticas efetivas e seguras para o controle e o manejo do paciente bruxômano. As alternativas de tratamento variam desde terapêuticas orodentais e farmacológicas até técnicas comportamentais-cognitivas. OBJETIVOS: através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, tendo como bases de pesquisa a Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Lilacs e BBO, no período compreendido entre 1990 e 2008, e com enfoque em estudos clínicos randomizados e quasi-randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises, esse trabalho teve como objetivo analisar e discutir métodos de tratamento para o BS. RESULTADOS: pela análise da literatura verifica-se que existe uma grande quantidade de opções terapêuticas para o BS, porém muitas das terapias não têm suporte científico que as sustente. Assim, a escolha terapêutica deve ser pautada em evidências científicas e no bom senso clínico, objetivando uma melhora na qualidade de vida do paciente bruxômano.INTRODUCTION: Sleep bruxism (SB) is defined as a stereotyped and periodic movement disorder, characterized by tooth grinding and/or clenching occurring during sleep, associated with rhythmic masticatory muscle activity. This condition isn't a disease, but when exacerbated may cause an unbalance and changing of orofacial structures. Thus, it is necessary to obtain effective and safe treatments for the control and management of the bruxist patient. The treatment alternatives ranges from oral devices to pharmacological and cognitive-behavioral techniques. OBJECTIVES: This study, through a systematic literature review, having as research bases MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Pubmed, Lilacs and BBO, between the years of 1990 and 2008, with focus in randomized and quasi-randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, had as objective to analyze and discuss possibilities of treatment for sleep bruxism. RESULTS: According to the analysis of literature there are a lot of treatment options for the SB, but many of the therapies have no scientific support. Thus, the chosen therapy should be based on scientific evidences and in clinical common sense, to an improvement in quality of life of the bruxist patient.

INTRODUÇÃO: a presença de um incisivo central superior solitário é um evento bastante incomum na população. A prevalência da chamada Síndrome do Incisivo Central Superior Solitário (SICSS) é verificada em 1:50.000 nascimentos, sendo registrado um maior acometimento no sexo feminino. Essa alteração no desenvolvimento da oclusão dentária é caracterizada por más formações estruturais, sobretudo na região de linha média do paciente. O diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento adequado dessa síndrome são de grande importância, pois essa condição talvez seja um indicativo de que o paciente pode apresentar outras más formações congênitas severas, não devendo ser a SICSS considerada uma simples anomalia dentária. Os procedimentos ortodônticos, nesses casos, variam dependendo do grau de comprometimento das estruturas ósseas da maxila, da oclusão em si, e principalmente da sutura palatina mediana. OBJETIVO: discutir, baseado em evidências científicas, aspectos importantes relacionados à SICSS, bem como apresentar um caso clínico de paciente do sexo feminino com SICSS, que foi submetida a tratamento ortodôntico na Clínica Odontológica Integrada Infantil da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria / RS. CONCLUSÃO: pela análise crítica da literatura, verifica-se ser muito importante o diagnóstico correto e precoce acerca dessa síndrome, visto que há possibilidade da mesma estar associada a outros problemas de desenvolvimento. Além disso, o paciente acometido pela SICSS deve ser assistido por uma equipe multidisciplinar de saúde, de forma a otimizar os resultados clínicos e devolver-lhe qualidade de vida.INTRODUCTION: The presence of a single median maxillary central incisor is an uncommon event in the population. The prevalence of the Solitary Median Maxillary Central Incisor (SMMCI) syndrome is about 1:50,000 live births, occurring more in women. This alteration in the development of the dental occlusion is characterized by structural malformations, over all in midline region of the patient. The early diagnosis and the adequate treatment of this syndrome are of great importance, therefore this condition can be an indication that the patient can present other severe congenital malformations, not having to consider the SMMCI a simple dental anomaly. The orthodontic procedures, in these cases, vary depending on the degree of involvement of bone structures of the maxilla, the occlusion in itself, and mainly of the midpalatal suture. OBJECTIVES: To discuss, based on scientific evidence, important aspects related to the SMMCI and present a clinical case of female patient with SMMCI, which was submitted to orthodontic treatment in the Children's Dental Integrated Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Maria - RS/Brazil. CONCLUSION: According to the critical analysis of literature, it is very important to correctly early diagnose this condition, since there is the possibility of this syndrome to be associated with other problems of development. Moreover, the patients affected by SMMCI should be attended by a multidisciplinary health team in order to optimize the clinical results and recover the quality of life of these patients.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a influência de diferentes variáveis metodológicas sobre a resistência de união ao cisalhamento em estudos in vitro. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados 105 incisivos permanentes bovinos, seccionados ao nível do colo dentário. A porção coronária foi inclusa em tubos de PVC, com resina acrílica autopolimerizável, e com face vestibular voltada para cima. Todos os corpos de prova foram preparados para a colagem com profilaxia e condicionamento ácido na região central das coroas, onde foram posicionados braquetes Morelli® de incisivos centrais superiores, com resina Concise® Ortodôntico (3M/Unitek). Foram determinados três grupos de acordo com a variável estudada: (Grupo 1) - meio de armazenamento dos dentes, previamente à inclusão e à colagem, com solução de timol 0,1% (a), água destilada (b) e congelamento (c); (Grupo 2) - velocidade da célula de carga da máquina de ensaio de 0,5 (a), 1,0 (b) e 2,0mm/min (c) e (Grupo 3) - diferentes marcas comerciais de ácidos fosfóricos a 37%, 3M/Unitek (a), AcidGel (b) e Attack Tek (c). Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao ensaio mecânico de resistência ao cisalhamento através da máquina Emic DL2000®. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio do Teste t Student para amostras independentes. RESULTADOS: os resultados demonstraram que no Grupo 1 o subgrupo de congelamento apresentou maiores valores em relação aos outros dois subgrupos, porém sem diferença estatisticamente significativa (p > 0,05). No Grupo 2, a força no momento da ruptura foi menor à medida que era aumentada a velocidade da célula de carga, porém sem diferença significativa entre os subgrupos. No Grupo 3, o ácido da 3M/Unitek apresentou a maior média em MPa, no entanto, também sem diferença significativa entre os subgrupos. CONCLUSÕES: conclui-se, portanto, que as variáveis analisadas neste trabalho não apresentaram influência suficiente para determinação de diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os resultados.AIM: Evaluate the influence of several methodological variables on the shear bond strength of in vitro studies. METHODS: 105 bovine incisors were sectioned at the cervical level. The coronary portion was included in PVC rings, fulfilled with auto polymerized acrylic resin, with its labial faces turned to the top. All the samples were prepared for bonding, cleaned and acid etched on the central area of the crowns. In this area, central incisors' Morelli™ brackets were bonded with Concise™ (3M/Unitek). Three testing groups were established, according to the studied variable: Group 1 - storage previous to bonding (a-Thymol 0,1%; b- distilled water; c- freezing); Group 2 - crosshead speed of the universal testing machine (a- 0,5mm/min; b- 1,0mm/min; c- 2,00mm/min) and Group 3 - commercial brand of 37% phosphoric acid (a- 3M/Unitek; b- Acid Gel; c- Attack Tek). The shear bond strength test was performed at the Emic DL2000™ universal testing machine. Data was analyzed through the Student's t test for independent samples. RESULTS: In Group 1, the freezing group showed the higher values of shear bond strength when compared to the others, although no statistical difference was observed (p>0,05). For Group 2, the higher the crosshead speed, the lower the shear bond strength, with no statistical difference. In Group 3, the 3M/Unitek brand showed the highest average of shear bond strength in MPa, but also no statistical difference was shown. CONCLUSIONS: The variable analyzed in this research had not presented enough influence to determine significant differences between the results.

INTRODUÇÃO: a evolução da Imaginologia na Odontologia propiciou uma série de vantagens para o diagnóstico e elaboração de planos de tratamento em diversas especialidades. Exames como ressonância magnética nuclear, tomografia computadorizada e tomografia volumétrica Cone Beam, bem como métodos de reconstrução em 3D, permitiram analisar de forma precisa estruturas orofaciais.Aliado a esse fato,com a realização de estudos clínicos com metodologias e desenhos adequados, pode-se avaliar os efeitos do tratamento ortodôntico sobre a articulação temporomandibular (ATM). OBJETIVO: esse trabalho, através de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, teve como objetivo analisar a inter-relação entre o tratamento ortodôntico e a ATM, verificando se a Ortodontia acarreta alguma alteração das estruturas internas da ATM. MÉTODOS: levantamento em bases de pesquisa (MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Pubmed, Lilacs e BBO), entre os anos de 1966 e 2009, com enfoque em estudos clínicos randomizados, estudos longitudinais prospectivos não randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises. RESULTADOS: após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, chegou-se a 14 artigos, sendo que 2 eram estudos clínicos randomizados e 12 eram estudos longitudinais sem critérios de randomização. CONCLUSÕES: pela análise da literatura, conclui-se que a realização do tratamento ortodôntico não ocorre à custa de posicionamentos não fisiológicos do côndilo e disco articular. Algumas mecânicas podem acarretar remodelações dos componentes ósseos articulares.INTRODUCTION: The evolution of imaging in dentistry has provided several advantages for the diagnosis and development of treatment plans in various dental specialties. Examinations as nuclear magnetic resonance, computed tomography and Cone Beam volumetric tomography, as well as 3D reconstruction methods, have enabled a precise analysis of orofacial structures. Allied to this fact, the effects of orthodontic treatment on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) could be evaluated with the accomplishment of clinical studies with appropriate designs and methodologies. OBJECTIVE: This study, a systematic literature review, had the objective of analyzing the interrelation between orthodontic treatment and TMJ, verifying if orthodontic treatment causes changes in the internal structures of TMJ. METHODS: Survey in research bases MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Pubmed, Lilacs and BBO, between the years of 1966 and 2009, with focus in randomized clinical trials, longitudinal prospective nonrandomized studies, systematic reviews and metaanalysis. RESULTS: After application of the inclusion criteria 14 articles were selected, 2 were randomized clinical trials and 12 longitudinal nonrandomized studies. CONCLUSIONS: According to the literature analysis, the data concludes that orthodontic treatment does not occur at the expense of unphysiological disc-condyle position. Some orthodontic mechanics may cause remodeling of articular bone components.

INTRODUÇÃO: nos últimos anos, a inter-relação entre a Ortodontia e as disfunções temporomandibulares (DTMs) tem despertado interesse crescente na classe odontológica, sendo tema de discussões e controvérsias. Em um passado recente, a oclusão era considerada como principal fator etiológico das DTMs, sendo o tratamento ortodôntico uma medida terapêutica primária para um restabelecimento fisiológico do sistema estomatognático. Assim, passou-se a investigar o papel da Ortodontia na prevenção, desencadeamento e tratamento das DTMs. Com a realização de estudos científicos com metodologias mais rigorosas e precisas, a relação entre o tratamento ortodôntico e as DTMs pôde ser avaliada e questionada dentro de um contexto baseado em evidências científicas. OBJETIVO: o presente trabalho, através de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, teve como objetivo analisar a inter-relação entre a Ortodontia e as DTMs, verificando se o tratamento ortodôntico é fator contribuinte para o desenvolvimento de DTM. MÉTODOS: foi realizado um levantamento em bases de pesquisa (Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Lilacs e BBO) entre os anos de 1966 e 2009, com enfoque em estudos clínicos randomizados, estudos longitudinais prospectivos não randomizados, revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises. RESULTADOS: após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, chegou-se a 18 artigos, sendo que 12 eram estudos longitudinais prospectivos não randomizados, 4 revisões sistemáticas, 1 estudo clínico randomizado e uma meta-análise, os quais avaliaram a relação entre tratamento ortodôntico e DTM. CONCLUSÕES: pela análise da literatura, conclui-se que o tratamento ortodôntico não pode ser considerado fator contribuinte para o desenvolvimento de disfunções temporomandibulares.INTRODUCTION: The interrelationship between Orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has attracted an increasing interest in Dentistry in the last years, becoming subject of discussion and controversy. In a recent past, occlusion was considered the main etiological factor of TMD and orthodontic treatment a primary therapeutical measure for a physiological reestablishment of the stomatognathic system. Thus, the role of Orthodontics in the prevention, development and treatment of TMD started to be investigated. With the accomplishment of scientific studies with more rigorous and precise methodology, the relationship between orthodontic treatment and TMD could be evaluated and questioned in a context based on scientific evidences. OBJECTIVES: This study, through a systematic literature review had the purpose of analyzing the interrelationship between Orthodontics and TMD, verifying if the orthodontic treatment is a contributing factor for TMD development. METHODS: It was conducted a survey in research bases (MED-LINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Pubmed, Lilacs and BBO) between the years of 1966 and 2009, with focus in randomized clinical trials, longitudinal prospective non-randomized studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis. RESULTS: After application of the inclusion criteria 18 articles were used, which were 12 longitudinal prospective non-randomized studies, 4 systematic reviews, 1 randomized clinical trial and 1 meta-analysis, which evaluated the relationship between orthodontic treatment and TMD. CONCLUSIONS: According to the literature, the data concludes that orthodontic treatment cannot be considered a contributing factor for the development of temporomandibular disorders.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effects of grinding, drilling, sandblasting, and ageing prefabricated teeth (PfT) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets, as well as the effects of surface treatments on the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Methods: One-hundred-ninety-two PfT were divided into four groups (n = 48): Group 1, no surface treatment was done; Group 2, grinding was performed with a cylindrical diamond bur; Group 3, two drillings were done with a spherical diamond bur; Group 4, sandblasting was performed with 50-µm aluminum oxide. Before the experiment, half of the samples stayed immersed in distilled water at 37oC for 90 days. Brackets were bonded with Transbond XT and shear strength tests were carried out using a universal testing machine. SBS were compared by surface treatment and by ageing with two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test. ARI scores were compared between surface treatments with Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test. Results: Surface treatments on PfT enhanced SBS of brackets (p< 0.01), result not observed with ageing (p= 0.45). Groups II, III, and IV showed higher SBS and greater ARI than the Group 1 (p< 0.05). SBS was greater in the groups 3 and 4 (drilling, sandblasting) than in the Group 2 (grinding) (p< 0.05). SBS and ARI showed a positive correlation (Spearman’s R2= 0.57; p< 0.05). Conclusion: Surface treatment on PfT enhanced SBS of brackets, however ageing did not show any relevance. Sandblasting and drilling showed greater SBS than grinding. There was a positive correlation between SBS and ARI.