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Atopic dermatitis (AD) and alopecia areata (AA) are two common diseases that can coexist in the same patient, sharing some pathogenetic aspects such as the overexpression of T-helper (Th) 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13, the altered expression or loss-of-function mutations of atopy related genes in patients affected by AA (such as filaggrin), and finally the elevated serum levels of immunoglobulin E in both diseases.1-3 For these reasons, the use of dupilumab, a fully monoclonal antibody directed against the IL-4 receptor subunit and approved for the treatment of adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD, has recently been proposed for the treatment of AA in patients with or without AD.1,4 However, its effectiveness in AA treatment is controversial.1 Conversely, Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKs) 1 seem to constitute a new therapeutic option in the management of both AD and AA.5 We present the case of a 24-year-old patient with an history of AD since childhood and 10 years of AA, who comes to our outpatient after the failure of topical and systemic therapies, including corticosteroids and cyclosporine. 7 Gambardella A, Licata G, Calabrese G, De Rosa A, Alfano R, Argenziano G. Dual efficacy of Upadacitinib in 2 patients with concomitant severe atopic dermatitis and alopecia Areata. [Extracted from the article]

Also, 66.7% of patients in group B had a complete response compared to 50% in group A, although the percentage reduction in SALT score between groups A versus B was not significant ( I p i = 0.34). A study examining the combination of methotrexate and leflunomide with topical anthralin in pediatric alopecia areata - a possible steroid-free regimen with diverse mechanistic actions Alopecia areata (AA) is nonscarring alopecia with an unpredictable course and variable treatment responses, particularly in children. [Extracted from the article]

Alopecia areata (AA) is a non‐scarring alopecia, which often carries a major impact on patients' quality of life. Currently there is no single approved treatment that effectively induces permanent remission. Recently, the JAK–STAT signaling pathway has emerged as a possible therapeutic target leading to increased interest in the use of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKis) in the treatment of this pathology. This review of the literature summarizes information on patients with AA who underwent treatment with JAKis and discusses the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of its use. A literature search was conducted in different databases to identify clinical trials and case reports published in January 2019. Several clinical studies have shown very promising results in the treatment of AA with oral formulas of JAKis. These agents, however, need chronic administration to maintain response. Topical formulations did not show satisfactory responses. The safety profile of these agents appears to be favorable. Current evidence is promising regarding the efficacy and safety of oral JAKis. However, the data obtained are of low quality, originating predominantly from reports of clinical cases. Further studies are needed to confirm these data and to optimize its long‐term efficacy and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]