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Actinic keratosis is a common skin condition that has the potential to develop into malignant neoplastic lesions. Factors that are known to increase the likelihood of developing actinic keratosis include older age, male gender, UV exposure, and immunosuppressive treatment. Understanding the pathogenesis and significance of actinic keratosis as an initial form of the neoplastic process associated with a sequence of lesions arising on photodamaged skin has led to the concept of field cancerization. The choice of the optimal therapeutic pathway depends on the number of actinic keratosis lesions and the degree of photodamage in the skin, as well as the advancement of skin lesions. The clinical presentation of skin lesions also allows monitoring of the patient's condition over time and assessing response to treatment, and facilitates rational decisions regarding potential therapy adjustments. This article outlines the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of actinic keratosis in Poland and presents an evidence-based management regimen that incorporates the practical clinical experience of dermatology experts. The recommendations cover a range of topics including topical treatment options, cryosurgery, photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizing agent, and combination treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prurigo nodularis is a chronic and debilitating condition of not fully elucidated etiopathogenesis. There are scarce data in the literature on the presence of microorganisms in the lesional skin of prurigo nodularis. Objective: To explore the microbiome composition in patients with prurigo nodularis using amplicon-based next-generation sequencing. Material and methods: Adult patients with prurigo nodularis were recruited for the study. Controls were healthy volunteers who presented for a routine nevi check-up. Skin swabs for microbiome analysis were collected, without prior cleaning, from active nodules in patients with prurigo nodularis and corresponding skin areas in healthy volunteers. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified from the extracted DNA. Illumina platform on the MiSeq instrument was used for sequencing. The Silva v.138 database was utilized for identification of taxa. Results: In total, the microbiome profile of 60 active nodules from 24 patients with prurigo nodularis and corresponding skin areas (n = 14) from 9 healthy volunteers was analyzed. Skin microbiome of prurigo nodularis lesions showed decreased alpha and beta diversity when compared with healthy volunteers. Staphylococcus aureus was significantly more abundant in samples from prurigo nodularis patients than in the control samples, while Pseudomonas stutzeri had a greater share in the microbiome from healthy volunteers than from prurigo nodularis patients. Conclusions: Our results highlight several alterations in the diversity and composition of cutaneous microbiome in prurigo nodularis. However, further research on the role of microorganisms in this debilitating condition is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory skin disease that affects hair follicles, typically developing after puberty. It is characterized by painful, deep-seated inflammatory lesions that appear in anatomical regions where apocrine glands are located, mainly in the axillar, inguinal, and anogenital areas. The pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa is multifactorial, with follicular occlusion representing the initial stage of the disease and subsequently leading to the formation of neutrophilic abscesses and infiltration by various inflammatory cells. The treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons, as well as physicians of other medical specialties. The primary pharmacological treatments for hidradenitis suppurativa involve antibiotics and biologic disease-modifying drugs, which can be used either in monotherapy or in combination with surgical interventions. The following guidelines provide up-to-date information on the management of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which concerns approx. 1-3% population worldwide. In children psoriasis is less common, with the peak of morbidity in teenagers. Because of its more common prevelance in children in last decade, especially the disease with moderate and severe course, it is necessary to remind its clinical features and comorbidities. The aim of the recommendation of Polish Dermatological Society was to give the newest data on the psoriasis treatment in pediatric population which may be extremely important for everyday dermatological treatment. We described both topical and systemic treatments in details, including biological therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 1-3% of the general population. In children, it occurs less frequently, most often develops in adolescence. Due to the more and more common forms of moderate and severe psoriasis in the pediatric population, it is necessary to present its nature, clinical presentation and comorbidity, as well as to standardize the therapeutic procedure. In the last dozen or so years, tremendous progress has been made in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, which has resulted in introduction of new therapeutic aims and methods of treatment. A fuller understanding of the nature of the disease, its coexistence with other diseases and a negative impact on the quality of life require a multidisciplinary approach and implementation of appropriate treatment, depending on the severity of the disease. Objective: The purpose of recommendations of the Polish Dermatological Society is to present the literature current data on the use of local and systemic treatment, including biological therapies in psoriasis in the pediatric population. Coexisting diseases are also presented, as well as the impact of the dermatosis on the quality of life of children. Material and methods: Recommendations were developed by a group of experts of the Polish Dermatological Society, taking into account their clinical experience, as well as the latest reports in Polish and world literature. Principles of treating psoriasis, useful in everyday dermatological practice, are taken into account. Results and conclusions: Recommendations discuss principles of local treatment, classic systemic treatment and biological therapies. Treatment of psoriasis in children and adolescents poses a challenge for a dermatologist. Drugs approved for the treatment of this severe disease in the pediatric population have been introduced recently. The therapeutic procedure must be individualized. Systemic treatment should be considered for all psoriasis affecting more than 10% of the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune disease characterized by skin lesions and/or symptoms of myositis. In addition to the so-called classic dermatomyositis the following forms of dermatomyositis are distinguished based on the clinical presentation: pediatric, paraneoplastic, drug-induced and amyopathic. A number of disease-specific autoantibodies are identified in dermatomyositis (including anti-Mi2, anti-TIF1, anti-NXP2, anti-SAE or anti-MDA5), presence of which may be associated with a specific clinical phenotype. The diagnosis of the severity of muscle involvement is currently based mainly on physical examination, deviations in results of laboratory investigations, electromyographic examination and imaging examination, mainly with the use of magnetic resonance imaging. Systemic glucocorticosteroids administered as monotherapy or in combination with other immunosuppressants remain the mainstay of dermatomyositis treatment, and in the absence of satisfactory improvement, intravenous immunoglobulins are used. In addition, in case of interstitial lung disease, the use of cyclophosphamide may be necessary. The choice of a therapy, as well as the rate of dose reduction, depend on the dynamics of the disease, symptoms, diagnosed immunological disorders, as well as comorbidities and the drugs used. Each diagnostic and therapeutic decision must take into account the individual clinical data of the patient and current scientific reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of topical combination preparations, in case of which it is possible to reduce the frequency of daily applications, can improve the patients' satisfaction with topical therapy. Objective: The present study analyzes the results of treatment with Daivobet® gel, with a particular emphasis on patient satisfaction with treatment, impact on quality of life and compliance with physicians' recommendations by patients with psoriasis. Material and methods: Total 401 patients with plaque psoriasis (mild in 38.7%, moderate in 52.6% and severe in 8.5% of patients) were included into the study. It was an observational, non-interventional, multicenter study using Daivobet® gel in routine medical practice. The severity of psoriasis was assessed using the PGA tool (Physician Global Assessment), and the quality of life was scored using the DLQI scale (Dermatology Life Quality Index). At visit 2, overall treatment satisfaction, response to treatment, as well as treatment tolerance and compliance were assessed. Results: At visit 2, the majority of patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment (65.5% and 22.0%, respectively). At the second and third visit, approximately one-third of the patients were almost zalecompletely free from symptoms (30.3% at visit 2 and 38.6% at visit 3) (p < 0.001). The mean value of DLQI at the start of the study was 11.5 ±6.3 points and was significantly reduced at visit 2 (mean: 5.3 ±4.2 points) and further decreased at visit 3 (mean 3.1 ±3.4 points) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Obtained results proved to be consistent with the current knowledge about high efficacy, improvement of quality of life and good tolerability of treatment in patients using the combination preparation containing calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory dermatoses. We present the second part of the diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines on psoriasis. The second part discusses the principles of treatment of plaque psoriasis, with a particular emphasis on systemic drugs. The guidelines have been updated to take into consideration new therapies which have recently been approved in Poland, ongoing improvements in the efficacy of available therapeutic methods, and changing needs of patients. We hope that the current guidelines will assist physicians in making diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, and contribute to the improvement of medical care provided to patients with psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 1-3% of the general population. Although skin lesions are the primary clinical manifestation of the condition, psoriasis - especially moderate to severe - is currently regarded as a systemic disease, not only associated with the development of psoriatic arthritis but also linked to a range of other health consequences including cardiovascular complications. In view of new data on the pathogenesis of psoriasis, very rapid progress in the development of new therapeutic approaches, and in particular the registration of new drugs, a need arose to update the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of this nosological entity. The aim of the recommendations of the Polish Dermatological Society is to outline the most recent literature and formulate guidelines for the treatment of psoriasis that may be useful in daily dermatological practice. However, the final decision regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic procedure should always be made individually for each patient based on the patient's current clinical status and the most up-to-date scientific reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The second part of diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines of Polish Dermatological Society focuses on moderate and severe psoriasis, in which phototherapy or systemic treatment should be initiated. Currently, it is recommended to treat moderate to severe plaque psoriasis with either classic anti-psoriatic drugs (methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin), TNF-α-inhibitors (adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab), interleukin 12/23 blocking agent (ustekinumab) and new drugs - interleukin-17 inhibitors (secukinumab, ixekizumab) or interleukin 23 inhibitors (guselkumab, tildrakizumab), as well as the new low-molecular weight agents (apremilast, dimethyl fumarate). In some patients, UV-based therapy may be advisable. These recommendations summarize the principles of the use of these agents in patients with psoriasis in dermatological practice. The efficacy and safety of therapy is discussed and available methods to prevent adverse events are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting approximately 1-3% of the general population. Recent years have brought a considerable progress in the treatment of this dermatosis, particularly with respect to patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. A growing range of increasingly available systemic therapies poses new challenges to physicians providing care to patients with psoriasis. On account of the fact that new antipsoriatic drugs have become available on the pharmaceutical market since the publication of previous guidelines for the treatment of psoriasis, an update has become necessary. The first part of the guidelines refers to mild psoriasis and selected special forms of this disease. The aim of the recommendations of the Polish Dermatological Society is to summarize the most recent literature reports and formulate guidelines that may be potentially useful for dermatologists-venereologists in their daily clinical practice. However, the final decision regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic procedure should always be made individually for each patient based on the patient's current clinical status and the most up-to-date literature reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Urticarial vasculitis is a subtype of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The disease often accompanies systemic disorders, including hematologic malignancies, connective tissue diseases, and infectious diseases, or may be drug-induced. Case report. A 69-year-old man with an established diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis was admitted to our department because of severe pruritus and cutaneous urticarial lesions. At the time of admission the patient was not receiving treatment for the underlying hematologic disease. Upon physical examination diffuse and confluent firm urticarial lesions were observed on the trunk and limbs. A skin biopsy revealed histological features of urticarial vasculitis. We initiated intravenous hydrocortisone up to 400 mg/day, methylprednisolone 500 mg in a single dose and prednisone orally 20 mg/day, with rapid resolution of skin lesions. Conclusions. Urticarial vasculitis may accompany various systemic disorders, including primary myelofibrosis. To our knowledge this is the second case in the literature of urticarial vasculitis associated with myelofibrosis. Treatment with systemic glucocorticosteroids should be considered, as this method is usually beneficial. Wprowadzenie. Pokrzywka naczyniowa jest rodzajem leukocytoklastycznego zapalenia naczyń. Często towarzyszy schorzeniom układowym, w tym nowotworom hematologicznym, układowym chorobom tkanki łącznej, lub może mieć etiologię polekową. Opis przypadku. Mężczyzna 69-letni z rozpoznaniem samoistnego włóknienia szpiku został przyjęty do kliniki z powodu nasilonego świądu trwającego od 9 miesięcy oraz występujących od ok. 2 miesięcy zmian pokrzywkowatych. Pacjent nie otrzymywał leczenia z powodu choroby hematologicznej. W badaniu przedmiotowym przy przyjęciu stwierdzono rozsiane i zlewne zmiany pokrzywkowate zlokalizowane na tułowiu i kończynach, spoiste w badaniu palpacyjnym. Badanie histopatologiczne wycinka ze zmiany skórnej potwierdziło rozpoznanie pokrzywki naczyniowej. W leczeniu zastosowano dożylnie hydrokortyzon w dawce do 400 mg/dobę, metyloprednizolon w dawce 500 mg jednorazowo, a następnie prednizon doustnie w dawce 20 mg/dobę. Uzyskano szybkie ustąpienie zmian skórnych. Wnioski. Pokrzywka naczyniowa może towarzyszyć wielu schorzeniom układowym, w tym samoistnemu włóknieniu szpiku. Zgodnie z wiedzą autorów jest to drugi przypadek pokrzywki naczyniowej związanej z włóknieniem szpiku. W leczeniu należy rozważyć zastosowanie systemowej kortykosteroidoterapii, gdyż ta metoda przynosi zwykle korzystne efekty w zakresie zmian skórnych. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite the progress that has been made in the therapy of atopic dermatitis in recent years, cyclosporin A remains the first-line treatment of severe forms of the disease. Objective: To present a case of effective cyclosporin A therapy of severe atopic dermatitis with features of secondary bacterial infection. Case report: A 22-year-old man was admitted to hospital with extensive erythematous-desquamative skin lesions. The lesions were accompanied by intense itching. Based on the patient's medical history, physical examination, laboratory test results and histological examination of a skin biopsy, atopic dermatitis with bacterial superinfection was diagnosed. Treatment with cyclosporin A in combination with antibiotics was initiated, resulting in significant clinical improvement within a few days after the initiation of therapy. Conclusions: Our case confirms that cyclosporin A is a fast-acting and highly effective therapeutic agent in atopic dermatitis, and the risk of adverse reactions, if the drug is used properly, is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Atopic dermatitis is a frequent, chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease with complex etiology. Typical symptoms of this disease are persistent itching and dry skin. To assess the severity of the disease we use various measuring methods. Currently, over 20 different measurement scales have been developed, of which the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Index (SCORAD) and Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) are best known. Other methods for measuring the severity of atopic dermatitis include: Investigators' Global Assessment (IGA), Patient-oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), Six Area, Six Sign Atopic Dermatitis (SASSAD), Three Item Severity (TIS), Simple Scoring System (SSS), Basic Clinical Scoring System (BCSS), Patient-Oriented Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD), Self-Administered Eczema Area and Severity Index (SA-EASI), Index for Atopic Dermatitis (W-AZS), Atopic Dermatitis Antecubital Severity (ADAS), Objective Severity Assessment of Atopic Dermatitis (OSAAD), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). There is no recommendation as to which scale is the most reliable in daily clinical practice. The international working group HOME (Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema) recommends EASI and POEM in atopic eczema trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Psoriasis rupioides is a rare type of psoriasis. Although a description of it is easy to find in most textbooks of psoriasis, it does not have a place in the ICD-10 classification, and there have been very few case reports published in the literature on this characteristic psoriasis subtype. Objective. To present a case of this rare type of psoriasis. Case report. We present the case of a young man with psoriasis rupioides, which was diagnosed on the basis of anamnesis and clinical features. The patient also demonstrated marked nail abnormalities. Because of the patient's history and abnormalities of blood smear, virological tests were performed, which confirmed the suspected presence of HIV infection. Conclusions. Presented case indicates the necessity of diagnostic procedures for HIV infection in patient with less or atypical types of psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. A competent measurement of itch still remains a challenge. Objective. To develop and validate the Polish itch questionnaire. Material and methods. A total of 279 patients (144 women and 135 men) aged between 16 and 89 years suffering from chronic pruritic dermatoses were included in the study. The pruritus severity was assessed according to the itch questionnaire as well as the visual analogue scale. In addition, quality of life, level of depressive symptoms and the degree of emotional stress experienced prior to the disease outbreak were evaluated. The test-retest comparison was performed in 41 patients by double completion of the itch questionnaire Results. The developed questionnaire showed good convergent discriminant validity. Based on the achieved results significant differences could be detected between itch in atopic dermatitis (13.7 ±4.4 scores) and itch in patients with psoriasis (9.4 ±4.7 scores, p < 0.001). The itch questionnaire also showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.64), and responses to single questions significantly correlated with total itch scoring. The results achieved with the itch questionnaire were also reproducible (ICC = 0.7). Conclusions. The described itch questionnaire may be used both in scientific trials and in routine daily practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)