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The phenomenon of urban riots reappeared in France in the late 1970s, it took root in the 1990s, and in 2005 it experienced an unprecedent generalization. It continues locally since then. With few exceptions, it is always triggered by the death of young people in connection with a police operation. This article provides a summary of research on urban riots conducted in France in recent years and aims at drawing a comprehensive framework for the analysis of this phenomenon by articulating its economic, social and political dimensions. It highlights the process of ghettoization, the failures of state regulation and the lack of political representation of slum dwellers. It finally analyzes the riots as a «basic form of political protest.» [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]