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This article aims to explain why the Chilean Frente Amplio has not managed to consolidate stable links with the main social movements in the country despite having emerged in a context of social mobilization. Secondly, it aims to contextualize the case of the Frente Amplio in the Latin American scenario through paradigmatic cases of parties that have managed to develop and maintain links with social organizations. The article addresses four possible explanations: the autonomous and non-partisan nature of social mobilization, the rapid and costly access of the coalition to the institutional apparatus, the consolidation of an organizational structure less open to the influence of social organizations and, transversally, the disposition adopted by the coalition at key moments of its trajectory towards organized civil society. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of both contextual factors and explanations associated with party agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Social Movements and Political Parties: Notes to Continue a Research Agenda" discusses the interaction between social movements and political parties, highlighting the importance of studying these relationships. The case of the Movement for Socialism (MAS) in Bolivia is mentioned as a successful example of articulation between movements and parties. It is argued that movement parties are hybrid forms of collective action that challenge classical models of party building. Additionally, it analyzes how these interactions can reconfigure the internal life of established parties and party systems as a whole. It also reflects on the relationship between movements and parties as an independent variable, highlighting how crisis situations can foster intense interaction between the two. The article also provides a list of bibliographic references related to the topic. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Waves of Protest, Social Outbursts, and Political Parties in Latin America: Dynamics and Consequences" analyzes the relationship between social movements and political parties in Latin America. It highlights the increase in the frequency and impact of protests and social outbursts in the region in recent years. The causes, internal dynamics, and strategies adopted by mobilized actors are investigated, as well as the consequences of these strategies for achieving their objectives and democratic progress. The bidirectional relationship between social movements and political parties is also examined, as well as other forms of influence in the political system. Specific cases in Chile, Colombia, and Peru are mentioned to illustrate the diversity of results and challenges faced by social movements in the region. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding how the strategies of social movements are shaped by the political, social, and economic context in which they operate. [Extracted from the article]

The social outbreak of 2019 caused a deep crisis in the Chilean political system, which political parties sought to solve by opening a constitutional change process through the Constitutional Convention. This institutional response appeared to indicate the outbreak had ended and that social movements and political parties acted separately. However, this article contends that both actors directly interacted, arguing that the Convention institutionally prolonged the social outbreak. To understand the scope and obstacles of the interaction between these actors, I conducted 45 interviews with members of the Constitutional Convention (convencionales) both party members and those coming from the social movements. By contrasting both perspectives, this article finds that the persistence of mutual distrust across members of the constitutional convention, along with the time constraints imposed by the institutional design of the process, hindered the construction of broad agreements. This study offers a detailed view of the internal dynamics of the Convention, contributing to the understanding of the interaction between activists and parties both at the institutional level and in the context of the Chilean social outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing consensus about the complementary nature of institutional and noninstitutional politics as means to push forward policy agendas. However, the bulk of research tends to concentrate on one aspect of this relationship, namely, how social movements influence the political arena, for example by impacting different stages of the policymaking process and creating new political parties. There is comparatively less understanding of the reverse dynamics: the degree to which political parties also influence the protest arena by adopting and utilizing strategies and tactics commonly associated with social movements and by connecting to demonstrators. Focusing on Argentina and Chile, two countries that have experienced massive protest waves in recent years, this article examines the presence of political parties in the organization, staging, and channeling of demonstrations. Given that the reception of political parties in demonstrations is closely tied to whether they are welcome in the protest arena or not, we also analyze how Argentine and Chilean protesters perceive political parties and the level of identification they feel with them. Our primary data source comes from 1 935 surveys conducted as part of the Caught in the Act of Protest: Contextualizing Contestation (ccc) network between 2015 and 2017. We found that political parties in Argentina exhibit stronger ties to social movements compared to those in Chile. We seek to link this outcome to divergent and historically rooted patterns of protest dynamics in both countries and discuss the implications of our findings in the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When investigating social outbursts, the analysis tends to focus on social mobilization. Taking the case of the social outburst in Bolivia in 2019, this article instead explores the links between social movements and political parties, and their effect on electoral performance. Social movements played an important role in setting the scene for the outburst and in bringing the subsequent crisis to an end. Given their proximity in time, the 2019 and 2020 elections offer a singular opportunity to examine the electoral effect of social movements-political parties links in the context of social outburst. The article analyses four connections between social movements and political parties: Movimiento al Socialismo, Comunidad Ciudadana, Bolivia dice No and Creemos. It identifies and explores the qualitative differences among the linkages built in these four cases, which range from organic party, movement party to circumstantial alliances. These are related to the dissimilar electoral results while considering the political scenario in which they operate. The analysis suggests that the linking of political parties with social movements and civil society organizations has become a condition for electoral success in Bolivia, in a scenario in which social protest constitutes a conventional channel for political participation and articulation of citizen demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]