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This study focused on the effect of sodium alginate on the performance of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The feed solution contained various combinations of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and calcium chloride along with bovine serum albumin, xanthan gum and sodium alginate. Unlike findings from the majority of prior studies that suggested the presence of alginate in feed solution caused the deterioration of membrane process performance, our results indicated that sodium alginate exhibited anti-scaling properties and water flux enhancing effect. However, this interesting phenomenon was exhibited by sodium alginate under particular conditions only. Experiments performed with other organic foulants such as xanthan gum did not display the same trend. It is believed that the presence of a hydrophilic layer (calcium alginate gel), which is much less thermal conductive as compared to the PTFE membrane, on the top of the membrane could reduce the amount of heat dissipated due to evaporative cooling or reduce conductive heat loss in the membrane, thus enhancing the thermal efficiency of the system. • Sodium alginate exhibited anti-scaling properties and water flux enhancing effect • Reduction of conductive heat loss with the presence of hydrophilic layer • The degree of improvement was governed by the consistency of the gel layer formed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]