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Provides information on several studies about insulin action to be presented at the 65th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association at the San Diego Convention Center in California from June 10 to 14, 2005. Correlation of low birth weight with adult insulin resistance in Asian Indian children; Effect of high-fat feed to induced insulin resistance on male and female rats; Background on the mechanism of pancreatic islet cell insulin resistance in high-fat-diet obese rats.

Transcription factor 7-like2 (TCF7L2) gene has been associated with type 2 diabetes in different ethnic groups. As TCF7L2 gene is involved in regulation of insulin secretion, we hypothesized that TCF7L2 gene variants may be associated with MODY. We examined the role of rs12255372(G/T) and rs7903146(C/T) polymorphisms of TCF7L2 gene in MODY, early-onset type 2 diabetes (EO-T2DM), late-onset type 2 diabetes (LO-T2DM), type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and normal glucose tolerant (NGT) Asian Indians. Subjects were selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, a population based study in south India (EO-T2DM, LO-T2DM and NGT) and a tertiary diabetes centre (MODY and TIDM). 136 MODY subjects with autosomal dominant inheritance (age at onset(AAO) <25years), 397 EO-T2DM (AAO:25-40years), 738 LO-T2DM (AAO:>40years), 174 T1DM and 996 NGT subjects were studied. Genotyping of the two polymorphisms was carried out using PCR-RFLP and confirmed by direct sequencing. Frequency of the 'T' allele of rs12255372 and rs7903146 was significantly higher in MODY (30%,p=0.00001 and 45%,p<0.00001 respectively) and EO-T2DM (25%,p=0.0004; 37%,p<0.00001) compared to NGT (19%;28%). Odds ratios (OR) for GT and TT genotypes of the rs12255372 were higher in the MODY (OR:l.53,p=0.032 and 3.77,p=0.00002 respectively) and EO-T2DM (OR:1.48,p=0.002 and 1.75,p=0.034) compared to GG. The OR for CT and TT genotypes of rs7903146 were higher in MODY (OR:2.73,p<0.00001 and 4.10,p<0.00001 respectively) and EO-T2DM (OR: 1.71,p=0.00002 and 1.94,p=0.001) compared to CC. The CT genotype of rs7903146 showed association with LO-T2DM (OR: 1.26,p=0.022 compared to CC) but the TT genotype did not show any association. There was no association of rs12255372 with LO-T2DM and both polymorphisms were not associated with T1DM. Among Asian Indians, rs12255372(G/T) and rs7903146(C/T) polymorphisms of TCF7L2 gene are more strongly associated with MODY and EOT2DM and rs7903146 less strongly with LO-T2DM, while both polymorphisms are not associated with T1DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]