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[Display omitted] • GDM increases infant fat mass accretion (1–6 months) despite excessive fetal growth. • SGA newborns have increased fat mass accretion from 1 to 3 and 1 to 6 months of age. • GDM treatment goals should consider factors affecting fetal growth restriction. To evaluate the association between maternal obesity, gestational diabetes (GDM), and birth size with infant fat-mass (FM) accretion from 1 to 6 months (M). Healthy pregnant women and their term babies from the OBESO cohort were studied (1 M−3 M, n = 122; 1 M−6 M, n = 90). Registered maternal data was: pregestational body-mass-index (preBMI), GDM (2hOGTT), medications, gestational weight gain. Macrosomia (>4000 g), large/small for gestational age (LGA/SGA)(weight/age > 90° and < 90°, respectively-WHO) were recorded at birth. Infant FM (air-displacement plethysmography) was measured (1 M, 3 M, 6 M) and FM accretion computed (ΔkgFM from 1 M−3 M and 1 M−6 M). Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was assessed. Adjusted-multiple linear regression models were performed. PreBMI was 27.4 ± 5.2 kg/m2. GDM was present in 9%(n = 11) of women; 12.3%(n = 15) of them received metformin/insulin. One newborn was LGA; 20.7%(n = 25) were SGA. From 1 M−3 M, SGA was a predictor of higher FM accretion (B:0.28, 95%CI:0.14–0.43); GDM was not associated. From 1 M−6 M, higher FM accretion was observed in SGA newborns (B:0.43, 95%CI:0.19–0.67) and GDM infants (B:0.48, 95%CI:0.06–0.89). In all models (R2 ≥ 0.48, p < 0.001), infant weight and being female were positively associated, while maternal obesity, metformin/insulin, and EBF were not. GDM appears to program early higher adiposity accretion, independently of excessive fetal growth. SGA was associated with higher FM accretion in early infancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To estimate the annual burden of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Mexico.Methods: A model was built to conduct estimates from a healthcare system perspective, namely, the incremental costs of GDM pregnancy compared with non-GDM pregnancy from the first trimester until childbirth. The model used probabilities from the literature and surveys, and costs obtained from the Ministry of Health and national healthcare institutions. Scenario analyses were performed to estimate the GDM burden at different levels of incidence.Results: Although a non-GDM pregnancy cost on average USD 1880.6 (low risk was USD 1043.9 and high risk was USD 1673.5), a pregnancy with GDM cost USD 2934.9. Therefore, the total additional cost was USD 1576.2 per case. Given the considerable variability of the GDM incidence in Mexico, the total burden could range from USD 86.8 to USD 827.4 million per year.Conclusions: GDM is one of the most frequent complications of pregnancy, but research has been insufficient regarding its epidemiological and economic burden in Latin America. This paper shows that the GDM economic burden in Mexico is substantial despite only accounting for short-term medical costs. Further research to assess the GDM incidence and evaluate its long-term consequences from a broader societal perspective in Mexico is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]