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AIM: Asian Indians are believed to have a lower capacity to clear a glucose load even during normoglycemia. High post meal glucose levels have been linked to postprandial dyslipidemia and generation of proinflammatory cytokines. Since humans spend most of their time in the postprandial state, the present study aims to evaluate the relationship of insulin resistance (IR) in the basal state with dyslipidemia and systemic inflammation (hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-a), in the fasting state, 2h and 4h after a mixed meal, in Indian adults with normal glucose tolerance, and new onset type-2 diabetes. METHODS: Forty-eight people with type 2 diabetes and 32 individuals with normoglycemia, 30-70 years age, not on medications, underwent blood sampling after overnight (12h) fast and 2 and 4h after a mixed meal (carbohydrates, proteins and fat content 79.1%, 7.7% and 13.2%, respectively). RESULTS: Triglyceride (TG), TG/HDL-C (high density lipoprotein), HDL-C/LDL-C (low density lipoprotein) ratios, IR parameters, and inflammatory markers were significantly higher among patients with diabetes. There was a fall in total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C and LDL-C at 2 and 4h after the meal in both groups. Compared with fasting, 4-h postprandial TC, TG and HDL-C were significantly better positively correlated with IR in normal individuals. Postprandial hs-CRP was not significantly different to fasting in both groups. Postprandial IL-6 and TNF-[alpha] were significantly lower in both groups. CONCLUSION: Consumption of a carbohydrate rich meal is associated with a rise in TG and fall in TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, IL-6 and TNF-[alpha] among normal individuals and people with type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: Asian Indians are believed to have a lower capacity to clear a glucose load even during normoglycemia. High post meal glucose levels have been linked to postprandial dyslipidemia and generation of proinflammatory cytokines. Since humans spend most of their time in the postprandial state, the present study aims to evaluate the relationship of insulin resistance (IR) in the basal state with dyslipidemia and systemic inflammation (hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-a), in the fasting state, 2h and 4h after a mixed meal, in Indian adults with normal glucose tolerance, and new onset type-2 diabetes. Methods: Forty-eight people with type 2 diabetes and 32 individuals with normoglycemia, 30–70 years age, not on medications, underwent blood sampling after overnight (12h) fast and 2 and 4h after a mixed meal (carbohydrates, proteins and fat content 79.1%, 7.7% and 13.2%, respectively). Results: Triglyceride (TG), TG/HDL-C (high density lipoprotein), HDL-C/LDL-C (low density lipoprotein) ratios, IR parameters, and inflammatory markers were significantly higher among patients with diabetes. There was a fall in total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C and LDL-C at 2 and 4h after the meal in both groups. Compared with fasting, 4-h postprandial TC, TG and HDL-C were significantly better positively correlated with IR in normal individuals. Postprandial hs-CRP was not significantly different to fasting in both groups. Postprandial IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower in both groups. Conclusion: Consumption of a carbohydrate rich meal is associated with a rise in TG and fall in TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, IL-6 and TNF-α among normal individuals and people with type 2 diabetes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Aim: This study aimed to evaluate whether hyperglycemia mediated increased formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was associated with erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity in subjects with different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: Serum level of AGEs was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase activity were estimated by enzymatic reaction based spectrophotometric assay in patients with type 2 diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and no retinopathy (DNR) and also in healthy non-diabetic controls (HC). Result: Erythrocyte SOD and GR activity was significantly lower among NPDR (p =0.024, 0.0017, respectively) and PDR (p =0.0003, 0.0001, respectively) subjects compared with DNR individuals. A significant inverse correlation was observed between serum AGEs and erythrocyte SOD or GR activity in DNR (p =0.0019; r =−0.3033, p =0.0021; r =−0.3015, respectively), NPDR (p =0.0001; r =−0.4602, p =0.0003; r =−0.4161, respectively), and PDR (p <0.0001; r =−0.6753, p <0.0001; r =−0.5854, respectively) individuals. Conclusion: Poor glycemia may be the key factor enhancing AGE formation, which may be associated with lower erythrocyte SOD and GR activity along with increased catalase activity in DR. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Vitamin-D supplementation in vitamin-D insufficient/deficient prediabetes individuals is associated with significantly lower progression to diabetes (6/55 vs. 13/49; p =0.04) and higher reversal to normoglycemia (23/55 vs. 10/49; p =0.02), associated with decreased insulin resistance and systemic inflammation (TNFα and IL6). Baseline vitamin-D and 2h blood glucose independently predicted progression to diabetes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Prediabetes (IPD; n =122) and normoglycemic individuals (n =100) underwent assessment of polymorphisms of TNFα (−238, −308) and IL6 (−174). After 27.25±5.64 months, 16 IPD had reverted to normoglycemia and 18 progressed to diabetes. TNFα −238AA/GA genotypes were significantly more common in IPD, had higher TNFα, higher progression to diabetes and lower reversal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]