1. Tumor necrosis factor allelic polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy in India
- Author
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Lingam Gopal, B Sukumar, Neelam Kumari Upadyay, Sengamedu S. Badrinath, Authiappan Vidhya, Sarangapani Sripriya, Govindasamy Kumaramanickavel, Ravi Nagaraj Vellanki, T. Arokiasamy, Biju Joseph, and Tarun Sharma
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Asia ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,India ,Type 2 diabetes ,Gastroenterology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Allele ,Dinucleotide Repeats ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Base Pairing ,Alleles ,Genetics ,Diabetic Retinopathy ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,business.industry ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Promoter ,General Medicine ,Diabetic retinopathy ,medicine.disease ,Population study ,Microsatellite ,business ,Retinopathy - Abstract
The association of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) with diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been described previously. A total of 207 Asian Indian patients of 15-year duration of type 2 diabetes were identified. This group included (i) 100 patients with DR and (ii) 107 patients without retinopathy (DNR). In this study, we correlated the length of the (GT)n microsatellite di-nucleotide repeat upstream to the promoter region of TNF gene with susceptibility for the development of retinopathy. The microsatellite was polymerase chain reaction amplified and electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel and silver stained. In our study population, there were 18 alleles ranging from 97 to 131 base pairs (bp). Allele 4 (103 bp) had a higher prevalence (9.81%) in the DNR group compared to that (2.5%) in the DR group (P=0.002). Patients with retinopathy and allele 8 (111 bp) had a tendency to develop proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In this study of Indian subjects, it is suggested that allele 4 is a low risk allele for developing retinopathy and allele 8 (111 bp) shows an association with PDR.
- Published
- 2001